Landmark

Summary

A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances. In modern day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features, that have become local or national symbols. Etymology In old English the word landmearc (from land + mearc (mark)) was used to describe a boundary marker, an "object set up to mark the boundaries of a kingdom, estate, etc.". Starting from around 1560, this understanding of "landmark" was replaced by a more general one. A landmark became a "conspicuous object in a landscape". A landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. For example, the Table Mountain near Cape Town, South Africa was used as a landmark to help sailors to navigate around the southern tip of Africa during the Age of Exploration. Artificial structures are also sometimes built to a

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark

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Model-based computer vision for supervised landmarking of cephalograms

Thierry Zimmerman

2000

Terrain-based Navigation for Underwater Vehicles Using Side Scan Sonar Images

Hannes Bleuler, Severin Stalder

Underwater navigation challenges the research community as a reliable navigation system is unavailable. Correctly matched landmarks could compensate the drift of dead reckoning navigation systems. Furthermore, they could be useful in side scan sonar image registration. We propose to integrate both applications to form one landmark detection and matching system. Our approach detects disruptions in the local texture field using level set evolution on Haralick feature maps. During evolution the landmarks are continuously tried to be matched. An energy term which has been used for supervised image registration is used to verify the hypothesized matches. If the energy term based on pixel-wise similarity and hard landmark constraints is minimum, the landmark matches are considered as correct.

Ieee Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Po Box 1331, Piscataway, Nj 08855-1331 Usa2008

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Directed, intentional imagination is pivotal for self-regulation in the form of escapism and therapies for a wide variety of mental health conditions, such anxiety and stress disorders, as well as phobias. Clinical application in particular benefits from increasing our understanding of imagination, as well as non-invasive means of influencing it. To investigate imagination, this study draws from the prior observation that music can influence the imagined content during non-directed mind-wandering, as well as the finding that relative orientation within time and space is retained in imagination. One hundred participants performed a directed imagination task that required watching a video of a figure travelling towards a barely visible landmark, and then closing their eyes and imagining a continuation of the journey. During each imagined journey, participants either listened to music or silence. After the imagined journeys, participants reported vividness, the imagined time passed and distance travelled, as well as the imagined content. Bayesian mixed effects models reveal strong evidence that vividness, sentiment, as well imagined time passed and distances travelled, are influenced by the music, and show that aspects of these effects can be modelled through features such as tempo. The results highlight music's potential to support therapies such as Exposure Therapy and Imagery Rescripting, which deploy directed imagination as a clinical tool.

NATURE PORTFOLIO2021