October 8

314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins. 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II ("the Bald"). 1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia. 1200 – Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England. 1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska. 1480 – The Great Stand on the Ugra River puts an end to Tartar rule over Moscow 1573 – End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War. 1645 – Jeanne Mance opens the first lay hospital of North America in Montreal. 1813 – The Treaty of Ried is signed between Bavaria and Austria. 1821 – The Peruvian Navy is established during the War of Independence. 1829 – Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials. 1856 – The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident. 1862 – American Civil War: The Confederate invasion of Kentucky is halted at the Battle of Perryville. 1871 – Slash-and-burn land management, months of drought, and the passage of a strong cold front cause the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Chicago Fire and the Great Michigan Fires to break out. 1879 – War of the Pacific: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos. 1895 – Korean Empress Myeongseong is assassinated by Japanese infiltrators. 1912 – The First Balkan War begins when Montenegro declares war against the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – World War I: Corporal Alvin C. York kills 28 German soldiers and captures 132 for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor. 1921 – KDKA in Pittsburgh's Forbes Field conducts the first live broadcast of a football game. 1939 – World War II: Germany annexes western Poland. 1941 – World War II: During the preliminaries of the Battle of Rostov, German forces reach the Sea of Azov with the capture of Mariupol.