The Shilluk (Shilluk: Chollo) are a major Luo Nilotic ethnic group of southern Sudan, [clarification needed] living on both banks of the Nile River in Malakal. Before the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Shilluk also lived in settlements on the northern bank of the Sobat River, close to where the Sobat joins the Nile.
The Shilluk are the third-largest ethnic group of southern Sudan, after the Dinka and Nuer.
Their language is called Dhøg Cøllø, dhøg being the Shilluk word for language and mouth. It belongs to the Luo branch of the Western Nilotic subfamily of the Nilotic languages.
Shilluk Kingdom
The Shilluk people formed today's Shilluk Kingdom in southern Sudan in 1454. Historically, the Shilluk was a patriarchal monarchy led by a reth from the divine lineage of the cultural hero Nyikang who is believed to affect the nation's health. Their society was once somewhat hierarchical, with castes of royals, nobles, commoners, and enslaved people. Today, the Shilluk government is a democracy, with an elected headman voted in by a council of hamlet heads.
The Shilluk are closely related to the Anuak people and Luo Nilotic members. The Shilluk language shares many words with the Anuak language (the dha anywaa).
Most Shilluk are sedentary agriculturists. Like most Nilotic groups, cattle-raising is a large part of their economy; however, agriculture and fishing are more significant activities than usual. Both sexes engage in agricultural work.
The Shilluk, along with the Dinka, have been considered some of the tallest people in the world. In an investigation between 1953-1954, D. F. Robers reported that Dinka Ruweng males were, on average, 181.3 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in) tall, while Shilluk males averaged 182.6 cm (6 ft 0 in). General characteristics among the Nilotic people include long legs, narrow bodies and short trunks, adaptations to South Sudan's hot climate.
However, in 1995, male Shilluk refugees in southwestern Ethiopia were, on average, 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall.