Battle of France | EPFL Graph Search

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France during the Second World War. France and the Low Countries were conquered, ending land operations on the Western Front until the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. On 3 September 1939, France declared war on Germany following the German invasion of Poland. In early September 1939, France began the limited Saar Offensive but by mid-October had withdrawn to their start lines. German armies invaded Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France on 10 May 1940. In Fall Gelb ("Case Yellow"), German armoured units made a surprise push through the Ardennes and then along the Somme valley, cutting off and surrounding the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium to meet the German armies there. British, Belgian and French forces were pushed back to the sea by the Germans; the British and French navies evacuated the encircled elements of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French and Belgian armies from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo. German forces began Fall Rot ("Case Red") on 5 June 1940. The sixty remaining French divisions and the two British divisions in France made a determined stand on the Somme and Aisne rivers but were defeated by the German combination of air superiority and armoured mobility. German armies outflanked the intact Maginot Line and pushed deep into France, occupying Paris unopposed on 14 June. After the flight of the French government and the collapse of the French Army, German commanders met with French officials on 18 June to negotiate an end to hostilities. Italy entered the war on the German side on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France. On 22 June 1940, the Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed by France and Germany. The neutral Vichy government led by Marshal Philippe Pétain replaced the Third Republic and German military occupation began along the French North Sea and Atlantic coasts and their hinterlands.

Adapting the dynamic LakeMab model to simulate seasonal variations of phosphorus concentration in reservoirs: a case study of Lake Bultiere (France)

Camille Roland Marie Minaudo, Qian Zhang

Controlling phosphorus is fundamental to limit the risk of eutrophication of continental aquatic ecosystems. Integrated modelling of its concentration in the aquatic continuum requires specific tools for water bodies. However, although simple static empiri ...

2020

Requalifier les zones délaissées. Transformation d'une halle industrielle à Langreo (Espagne)

Yannick Fernandez

L'industrie minière espagnole du charbon est en crise depuis la fin des années 1960. La situation économique de régions entières s'est effondrée avec le démantèlement progressif des activités liées à son extraction. Les conséquences en ont été l'exode de la population, l'abandon de certaines zones urbaines et l'appauvrissement général des collectivités. La ville de Langreo a été fortement touchée par ce phénomène en perdant le tiers de ses habitants et de ses emplois en l'espace de quarante années. Le site abandonné de l'ancienne industrie chimique Nitrastur est caractéristique des problèmes que connaissent de telles régions. Malgré sa situation stratégique, la forte contamination du sol limite toute intervention en raison du manque d'attractivité et des coûts prohibitifs de dépollution. La stratégie urbaine proposée tient compte de ces aspects en proposant une récupération échelonnée dans le temps, la réutilisation des édifices industriels existants ainsi que la décontamination lente mais économique du sol par “phytoremédiation” (dépollution par les plantes). Le projet consiste à démontrer la capacité de réutilisation des édifices industriels du complexe. L'intervention se limite à une des halles existantes en y inscrivant un programme susceptible de créer une dynamique aussi bien culturelle que socio-économique positive. Il s'agit d'un centre pour la pratique de l'artisanat, de la danse et de la musique traditionnelle régionale.

2010