Piano

Summary

The piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when pressed on the keys. Most modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys: 52 white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A and B) and 36 shorter black keys raised above the white keys and set further back, for sharps and flats. This means that the piano can play 88 different pitches (or "notes"), spanning a range of a bit over seven octaves. The black keys are for the "accidentals" (F/G, G/A, A/B, C/D, and D/E), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. There are two main types of piano: the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano offers better sound and more precise key control, making it the preferred choice when space and budget allow. The grand piano is also considered a necessity in venues hosting skilled pianists. However, the upright piano, despite being worse in terms of tone and key action, is more commonly used due to its smaller size and lower cost. When the keyboard is presse

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano

About this result

This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.

Related publications (3)

Related publications

Related people

Related units

Related concepts (37)

Related concepts

Related courses (3)

Le cours vise a familiariser les etudiants avec l'histoire de l'environnement et des paysages, et avec la maniere dont les preoccupations environnementales amenent a repenser aujourd'hui le sens et les principes de l'architecture et des disciplines de projet.

Introduction aux relations mise en œuvre-structures-propriétés des polymères, céramiques et métaux, fournissant les bases nécessaires à la sélection de matériaux et procédés pour la fabrication de composants en microtechnique.

Machine learning and data analysis are becoming increasingly central in sciences including physics. In this course, fundamental principles and methods of machine learning will be introduced and practised.

Related courses

Related lectures (3)

Related lectures

The development of robotic manipulators and hands that show dexterity, adaptability, and subtle behavior comparable to human hands is an unsolved research challenge. In this article, we considered the passive dynamics of mechanically complex systems, such as a skeleton hand, as an approach to improving adaptability, dexterity, and richness of behavioral diversity of such robotic manipulators. With the use of state-of-the-art multimaterial three-dimensional printing technologies, it is possible to design and construct complex passive structures, namely, a complex anthropomorphic skeleton hand that shows anisotropic mechanical stiffness. We introduce a concept, termed the “conditional model,” that exploits the anisotropic stiffness of complex soft-rigid hybrid systems. In this approach, the physical configuration, environment conditions, and conditional actuation (applied actuation) resulted in an observable conditional model, allowing joint actuation through passivity-based dynamic interactions. The conditional model approach allowed the physical configuration and actuation to be altered, enabling a single skeleton hand to perform three different phrases of piano music with varying styles and forms and facilitating improved dynamic behaviors and interactions with the piano over those achievable with a rigid end effector. Copyright © 2018 The Authors.

American Association for the Advancement of Science2018

Data-driven Simulation Framework for Expressive Piano Playing by Anthropomorphic Hand with Variable Passive Properties

Josephine Anna Eleanor Hughes

The expressive piano playing generally requires a delicate control over the keystroke by considering passive dynamics of the hand and piano keyboard. It becomes even more challenging when the passive properties change during the performance. In this paper, we develop a framework for expressive piano playing that simulates the interaction between a soft anthropomorphic hand with variable passive properties and a piano keyboard. The passive dynamics of each system component in our framework are identified using the data collected during real piano playing, which in turn, helps to reduce the sim-to-real gap. To evaluate the proposed framework, we have designed and fabricated a three-fingered soft-rigid hybrid hand system with variable stiffness in each finger, enabling diverse compliant behaviors for piano key pressing. The results show that our proposed simulator achieves less than 5% error rate in coordination with real-world piano playing. © 2022 IEEE.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.2022

Piano Key Weir for Enlargement of the West Fork of Eno River Reservoir

Michael Pfister

The West Fork of Eno River Reservoir Dam is located near Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA. The earthen embankment dam provides an impoundment used by the town for water supply. The project was originally completed in 2000 with forethought by the owner for an expansion, which was anticipated in the original design. Currently, the design of that expansion to raise the reservoir level for increased water supply is underway. Following a detailed analysis of viable upgrades, a piano key (PK) weir (anticipated as the first to be constructed in the USA) was selected by the owner due to its effectiveness in meeting project requirements. Presented in this paper are the site-specific characteristics of the existing auxiliary chute spillway, the proposed PK weir, and additional modifications to the chute. This paper also presents site-specific information including the existing auxiliary chute spillway, the new PK weir, and additional modifications to the auxiliary chute. The results include the comparison of four PK weir hydraulic design methods for sizing the spillway. Details and results of a CFD model are also included. Finally, additional significant design considerations are presented, which include anticipated hydraulic conditions in the downstream chute and identified existing structure deficiencies; estimated spillway design flood hydraulic force distributions taken from the CFD model; the PK key weir stability summary; and other important project aspects including embankment modifications and seepage control measures. It is anticipated that this project will be of interest to those concerned with dam safety and will further encourage the consideration of PK weirs in the USA.

2016