Concept

Reflux

Related publications (20)

TiCl3-Mediated Reductive Cyclization of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes and Enol Esters Bearing a 2-Nitrophenyl Substituent

Indole is one of the most important heterocycles widely present in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Being easily accessible, the 2-nitrostyrenes are attractive starting materials for the indole synthesis and the Cad ...

EPFL2023

Progress in Unraveling Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Growth Across the Arctic

Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini

New particle formation (NPF) and growth can be an important source of cloud condensation nuclei for the Arctic atmosphere, where cloud formation is sensitive to their availability. Low-level clouds influence the Arctic energy budget, and likely contribute ...

2021

Reducing Humidity Response of Gas Sensors for Medical Applications: Use of Spark Discharge Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Thomas Maeder

The application of gas sensors in breath analysis is an important trend in the early diagnostics of different diseases including lung cancer, ulcers, and enteric infection. However, traditional methods of synthesis of metal oxide gas-sensing materials for ...

MDPI2018

Spark discharge synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles for thick-film metal oxide gas sensors

Thomas Maeder

Traditional methods of synthesis of metal-oxide gas sensing materials for semiconductor sensors are based on wet sol-gel processes. However, these processes lead to the formation of hydroxyl groups on the surface of oxide particles being responsible for th ...

Elsevier2016

Flow boiling data and prediction method for enhanced boiling tubes and tube bundles with R-134a and R-236fa including a comparison with falling film evaporation

John Richard Thome, Eugene van Rooyen

New enhanced boiling tubes from Wolverine Tube Inc. (Turbo-B5) and Wieland-Werke AG (Gewa-B5) were investigated using R-134a and R-236fa as test fluids. The tests were done at saturation temperatures of 5 and 15 degrees C, mass flow rates from 4 to 35 kg m ...

Elsevier Sci Ltd2014

Falling film evaporation on enhanced tubes, part 1: Experimental results for pool boiling, onset-of-dryout and falling film evaporation

John Richard Thome, Marcel Christians

Horizontal falling film evaporators have the potential of displacing flooded evaporators as the standard in the refrigeration industry due to compelling advantages, such as smaller refrigerant charge and lower pressure drop. However, there is a need to imp ...

2012

Modified Wilson Plots for Enhanced Heat Transfer Experiments: Current Status and Future Perspectives

John Richard Thome, Marcel Christians, Eugene van Rooyen

Heat transfer coefficients for enhanced tubes are typically measured indirectly using the "Wilson plot" method to first characterize the thermal performance of the one side (heating or cooling supply) and then to obtain the heat transfer data for the enhan ...

2012

Boiling on a Tube Bundle

Eugene van Rooyen

The complexity of two-phase flow boiling on a tube bundle presents many challenges to the understanding of the physical phenomena taking place. It is important to quantify these numerous heat flow mechanisms in order to better describe the performance of t ...

EPFL2011

Falling-Film Evaporation On Tube Bundle With Plain And Enhanced Tubes-Part I: Experimental Results

John Richard Thome, Mathieu Habert

The complexities of two-phase flow and falling-film evaporation on a tube bundle present important challenges in the design of heat exchangers and the understanding of the physical phenomena taking place. The development of structured surfaces to enhance n ...

2010

Heat Transfer and Visualization of Falling Film Evaporation on a Tube Bundle

Marcel Christians

Horizontal falling film evaporators have the potential of displacing flooded evaporators in industry, due to advantages such as lower required refrigerant charge and lower pressure drop. However, there is a need to improve the understanding of falling film ...

EPFL2010

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