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Concept
Maurer rose
Summary
In geometry, the concept of a Maurer rose was introduced by Peter M. Maurer in his article titled A Rose is a Rose.... A Maurer rose consists of some lines that connect some points on a rose curve.
Let r = sin(nθ) be a rose in the polar coordinate system, where n is a positive integer. The rose has n petals if n is odd, and 2n petals if n is even.
We then take 361 points on the rose:
(sin(nk), k) (k = 0, d, 2d, 3d, ..., 360d),
where d is a positive integer and the angles are in degrees, not radians.
A Maurer rose of the rose r = sin(nθ) consists of the 360 lines successively connecting the above 361 points. Thus a Maurer rose is a polygonal curve with vertices on a rose.
A Maurer rose can be described as a closed route in the polar plane. A walker starts a journey from the origin, (0, 0), and walks along a line to the point (sin(nd), d). Then, in the second leg of the journey, the walker walks along a line to the next point, (sin(n·2d), 2d), and so on. Finally, in the final leg of the journey, the walker walks along a line, from (sin(n·359d), 359d) to the ending point, (sin(n·360d), 360d). The whole route is the Maurer rose of the rose r = sin(nθ). A Maurer rose is a closed curve since the starting point, (0, 0) and the ending point, (sin(n·360d), 360d), coincide.
The following figure shows the evolution of a Maurer rose (n = 2, d = 29°).
The following are some Maurer roses drawn with some values for n and d:
Using Python:
import math, turtle
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(width=800, height=800, startx=0, starty=0)
screen.bgcolor('black')
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.speed(20)
n = 5
d = 97
pen.color('blue')
pen.pensize(0.5)
for theta in range(361):
k = theta * d * math.pi / 180
r = 300 * math.sin(n * k)
x = r * math.cos(k)
y = r * math.sin(k)
pen.goto(x, y)
pen.color('red')
pen.pensize(4)
for theta in range(361):
k = theta * math.pi / 180
r = 300 * math.sin(n * k)
x = r * math.cos(k)
y = r * math.sin(k)
pen.
Official source
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