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Concept
Elias Anton Cappelen Smith
Summary
Elias Anton Cappelen Smith (6 November 1873 – 25 June 1949) was a Norwegian American chemical engineer, civil engineer and metallurgist. He pioneered copper production in the early 20th century. Among his achievements were the fr and the Guggenheim process.
Cappelen Smith was born at Trondheim in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. He was the son of Elias Anton Smith (1842–1912), founder of E.A. Smith AS and Ingeborg Anna Røvig (1846–1923). His middle name Cappelen is from the family of his paternal grandmother, Marie Severine Cappelen (died 1900) married to Peder Høegh Smith (died 1881). He grew up as the eldest son among nine children and attended the Trondheim Cathedral School.
He was educated as a chemist at no, now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, taking his final exam in 1893. The same year he emigrated to the United States.
Cappelen Smith started working as an assistant chemist at Armour and Company in Chicago in 1893. Cappelen Smith was employed in the metallurgical industry working from 1895 to 1896 for the Chicago Copper Refining Company, from 1896 to 1900 for the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, and from 1901 to 1910 as the head metallurgist for the Baltimore Copper Smelting and Rolling Company in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. It was while at this company that he and William H. Peirce developed the fr, which revolutionized the Manhès-David process.
Cappelen Smith died in New York in 1949.
The Peirce–Smith converter, introduced in 1908, improved significantly the copper converting process. Before this improvement, the converter was a long cylindrical vessel, lined with sand and clay. It was developed by two French engineers, Pierre Manhès and fr from 1880 to 1884. Their copper-converting process, named the Manhès-David process, was directly derived from the Bessemer process. In this horizontal chemical reactor, where air was injected into copper matte, a molten sulfide material containing iron, sulphur and copper, to become molten blister, an alloy containing 99% copper.
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