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Concept
Sante De Sanctis
Summary
Sante De Sanctis (7 February 1862 – 20 February 1935) was an Italian physician, psychologist, and psychiatrist. He is considered one of the founders of the Italian psychology and pediatric psychiatry.
Sante De Sanctis was born on 7 February 1862 in Parrano, where his family had resided since the 16th century. He graduated in medicine at La Sapienza University of Rome with a thesis on aphasia in 1886. He began working in 1891 at the Roman laboratory of pathological anatomy of Santa Maria della Pietà psychiatric hospital, directed by Giovanni Mingazzini. In those years he went to Zurich and Paris to complete his psychiatric studies. De Sanctis, then, started his research on the psychology of dreams and, in 1896, he published "I sogni e il sonno nell'isterismo e nella epilessia", followed by "I sogni: studi psicologici e clinici di un alienista" in 1899, quoted in the treatise "The interpretation of dreams" by Sigmund Freud.
Together with Giuseppe Ferruccio Montesano and Maria Montessori, he was the founder of the Italian child and adolescent psychiatry. In 1898 De Sanctis applied for a license in teaching, rejected in 1901 by the Consiglio Superiore della Pubblica Istruzione. According to the commission, psychology should have been taught by a philosopher and not by a physiologist or psychiatrist. Nevertheless, in December of the same year, the Minister of Education Nunzio Nasi granted his request. In 1906 he obtained one of the first three chairs of Experimental Psychology in the Faculty of Medicine in Rome. Between 1929 and 1930 he worked on the two-volume treatise on experimental psychology, in which he summarized his 25 years of teaching. He organized the 5th International Congress of Psychology in 1905, while in 1910 he was appointed president of the Società Italiana di Psicologia.
The commitment to children with disabilities remained constant throughout his life, to which he dedicated monographic studies such as "Educazione dei deficienti", published in 1915.
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