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Concept
Reproductive surgery
Summary
Reproductive surgery is surgery in the field of reproductive medicine. It can be used for contraception, e.g. in vasectomy, wherein the vasa deferentia of a male are severed, but is also used plentifully in assisted reproductive technology. Reproductive surgery is generally divided into three categories: surgery for infertility, in vitro fertilization, and fertility preservation.
A reproductive surgeon is an obstetrician-gynecologist or urologist who specializes in reproductive surgery.
Reproductive surgeries will be referred to based on biological sex, and terms such male and female will be used to denote to men and women respectively.
Reproductive surgery aims to address concerns spanning from male and female fertility to gender-affirming care. Uses for reproductive surgery may encompass different abnormalities, dysfunctions, and areas of focus that are unable to be treated solely through medication or nonsurgical treatment. Screening measures may be completed to determine the necessity of surgery. For example, intrauterine pathology may be assessed by utilizing techniques such as hysteroscopy to identify complications for reproductive surgical interventions.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) supports enhancement of fertility success through processes such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Screening and reproductive surgery also have a role in identifying and addressing abnormalities, such as notable cysts, prior to initiating IVF. Surgical sperm retrieval is an alternative means of semen collection, where other means are not possible in circumstances like posthumous sperm retrieval or male infertility.
These surgical techniques may also be utilized as a form of permanent contraception referred to as sterilization. A vasectomy or tubal ligation would be examples of this procedure for male and female individuals respectively. Reproductive surgeons can potentially perform a reverse vasectomy to restore male reproductive function following the vasectomy. Individuals may choose to reverse the procedure due to pain experience after the surgery.
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