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Concept
ZH-29
Summary
The ZH-29 was a semi-automatic rifle developed in Czechoslovakia during the late 1920s, and used by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army.
The ZH-29 is a gas-operated service rifle with a tilting-bolt locking system similar to that which would be later used in the Sturmgewehr 44; although while the bolt of the German gun tilts vertically, that of the ZH-29 does so to the left side. Externally the most distinctive feature is that the barrel is offset at a slight angle to the receiver to compensate for this. Also unusually, the rifle uses an aluminium barrel jacket.
An upgraded variant was designated ZH-32.
In China, Chang Tso-lin's army received 150 ZH-29 and 100 ZH-32. Provincial troops of Guangdong also received 33 ZH-32. A derivative prototype was built in 1932 in Shenyang. It is unlikely these guns saw action during the Sino-Japanese War.
A version chambered in .276 Pedersen was submitted to US Army trials but was unsuccessful.
In the last stages of the development of an AK-47, the testing grounds committee advised Mikhail Kalashnikov to redesign the trigger group of the AK-46 prototype along the lines of ZH-29, which he did. The testing grounds committee advised every competitor on how to generally improve their designs.
Official source
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