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Concept
Shen Bao
Summary
Shen Bao (), formerly transliterated as Shun Pao or Shen-pao, known in English as Shanghai News, was a newspaper published from 30 April 1872 to 27 May 1949 in Shanghai, China. The name is short for Shenjiang Xinbao, Shenjiang being a short form of Chunshen Jiang, the old name for the Huangpu River.
The influence of the newspaper in early 20th century Shanghai was such that Shen Bao zhi, literally "Shen-pao paper", became a generic term for newspaper or newsprint.蔣遵和 (Jiang Zunhe), “拿張申報紙來”是什麼意思 (What does "bring a sheet of Shen Pao paper mean"?), Shanghai Municipal Archives (re-published by EastDay).
Founded by Ernest Major (1841–1908), a British businessman, in 1872, Shen Bao was one of the first modern Chinese newspapers. Major's Chinese language skills had been considered "legendary" and with the investment of four other Britons, he began managing Shen Bao. He was committed to bettering China by adopting Western Institutions and running a profitable business. When Major returned to England in 1889, the newspaper was reorganized and owned by Major Company Limited.
Because Shen Bao was based and published out of the Shanghai International Settlement, it was subject to fewer regulations compared to many other Chinese newspapers. The International Settlement was governed by the Shanghai Municipal Council which was completely separate from the Qing court and foreign consulate. The freedom of press granted in the International Settlement in Shanghai was “even greater than that enjoyed by British papers in London itself”. (Wagner, 4) Because of this lack of state regulation, Shen Bao was considered a reliable and independent source of information and “had acquired the reputation of being more independent and more reliable than most of the other available sources” (Wagner, 5). Chinese officials considered foreign journalists to be “infinitely more credible, reliable and honest than their own countrymen”. (Wagner, 19) Major specifically adopted an editorial policy geared toward improving China's long-term growth and development.
Official source
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