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Concept
Attock Khurd
Summary
Attock Khurd (; "Little Attock") is a small town located beside the Indus River in the Attock District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Khurd and Kalan are Persian words, themselves derived from Sanskrit (Kshudra means "small" in Sanskrit: "ksh" becomes "kha" in Prakrit) words, which means small and big respectively. When two villages have the same name, they are distinguished as Kalan and Khurd with the villages' names.
Attock Khurd (the old city) has a rich history and was of special importance to the entire Indian subcontinent. The great grammarian Pāṇini, who wrote the Aṣṭādhyāyī, the oldest surviving Sanskrit grammar, is said in some historical sources to have been born in 520 BCE near Attock in Salatura, modern Lahur, on the right bank of the Indus River in the ancient Kambojan/Gandharan territory. Attock was located on the high road, the Uttarapatha, the principal route of international commerce and communication between the sub-continent, Persia and Imperial China.
Attock appears in the history books during the rule of Chandragupta's grandson Ashoka, the Emperor of Upper India. He had converted to the Buddhist faith. The Edicts of Ashoka, set in stone, some of them written in Greek, declare that the Greek populations within his realm also had converted to Buddhism:
"Here in the king's domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamkits, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods' instructions in Dharma."
—Rock Edict Nb13 (S. Dhammika).
In the spring of 326 BCE, Alexander III of Macedon passed into Punjab (at Ohind, 16 m. above Attock) using a bridge over the Indus constructed by Perdiccas and Hephaestion. The region became part of the Kingdom of Ederatides the Greek or Indo-Greek Kingdom, which extended its power over western Punjab. The Indo-Greek kings held the country after him (until about 80 BCE) until its invasion by the Indo-Scythians.
When the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited the district in 630 CE, and again in 643 CE, Buddhism was rapidly declining.
Official source
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