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Concept
Container compression test
Summary
The container compression test measures the compressive strength of packages such as boxes, drums, and cans. It usually provides a plot of deformation vs compressive force.
It is commonly used to evaluate shipping containers made of corrugated fiberboard as well as wooden boxes and crates. Industrial and consumer packages other than boxes can also be subjected to compression testing: drum, pail, bottle, tub etc. Package components are also evaluated for compression resistance.
It is usually a laboratory test involving a special machine, a compression tester, to apply controlled compression on a test specimen. A universal testing machine is sometimes configured to perform a package compression test. Compression testing can also involve a superimposed dead load to a test package.
A common method of conducting the test, as described in several published standard test methods, is to compress a box at a constant rate of between two rigid platens. The platens can be fixed so that they remain parallel or one can be pivoted or "floating". The test can be conducted on empty or filled boxes, with or without a box closure. Conditioning to standard temperature and humidity is important.
The results of the constant rate of compression test can be:
The peak load
The deformation at peak load
The load at a critical deformation (head space, etc.)
The ability of a container to protect the contents from compression damage
etc.
The dynamic loads have some relationship with expected field loads.: often factors of 4 or 5 are used to estimate the allowable working load on boxes.
A test can also be conducted with platens that are not mechanically driven but are free to move with a fixed mass (or fixed force) loaded upon them. The results of static load testing can be:
The time to failure
The time to a critical deformation
The ability of a container to protect the contents from compression damage
etc.
As with any laboratory testing field validation is necessary to determine suitability.
Corrugated shipping containers are exposed to compression hazards during storage and shipment.
Official source
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