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Concept
Jon Bilbao
Summary
Juan Manuel Bilbao Azkarreta, also known as Jon Bilbao or Jon Bilbao Azkarreta (31 October 1914 – 23 May 1994) was a university instructor, a bibliographer, and an activist for Basque nationalism. He compiled the bibliographic section of the Enciclopedia general ilustrada del País Vasco (1970), and the monumental Eusko-bibliographia: diccionario de bibliografía vasca (10 volumes, 1970–1981, with further supplements), which has been described as "one of the most significant reference works on Basque studies".
Juan Manuel Bilbao Azkarreta was born on October 31, 1914 in Cayey, Puerto Rico. His father, Juan Bilbao, born in Getxo (Bizkaia), had emigrated "to the Americas" at the age of 12, in 1870. There he married Matilde Azkarreta. In 1917 the family moved to the Basque country, where Jon Bilbao spent his childhood and youth.
Bilbao Azkarreta's secondary education was at least partly at the Jesuit college in Bilbao. In 1932 obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science at the University of Valladolid. Between 1932 and 1936 he attended the Universidad Central de Madrid, pursuing studies in Philosophy and Literature, specializing in History. He took a degree in Medieval History of Spain with Latin and Arabic as the language requirements. He then returned to Bilbao, where there were plans to open a Basque University, but after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he enrolled with the Eusko Gudarosteak (Basque Battalions) as a lieutenant of engineers, serving 1936-1937.
On 20 June 1937, the day after the fall of Bilbao to Nationalist troops, Jon Bilbao managed to escape at night in the motor launch "Sagrada Familia" from Zierbena (Bizkaia) to Bayonne. Two months later, he embarked in Bordeaux for Guadeloupe, later making his way to Puerto Rico. He made contact with exiled professors such as María Zambrano at the University of Puerto Rico, but in 1938 opted to enroll at Harvard University for further study.
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