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Concept
Welsh English
Summary
Welsh English (Saesneg Gymreig) comprises the dialects of English spoken by Welsh people. The dialects are significantly influenced by Welsh grammar and often include words derived from Welsh. In addition to the distinctive words and grammar, a variety of accents are found across Wales, including those of North Wales, the Cardiff dialect, the South Wales Valleys and West Wales.
Accents and dialects in the west of Wales have been more heavily influenced by the Welsh language while dialects in the east have been influenced more by dialects in England. In the east and south east, it has been influenced by West Country and West Midland dialects while in north east Wales and parts of the North Wales coast, it has been influenced by Merseyside English.
A colloquial portmanteau word for Welsh English is Wenglish. It has been in use since 1985.
The vowel of cat /æ/ is pronounced either as an open front unrounded vowel [a] or a more central near-open front unrounded vowel [æ̈]. In Cardiff, bag is pronounced with a long vowel [aː]. In Mid-Wales, a pronunciation resembling its New Zealand and South African analogue is sometimes heard, i.e. trap is pronounced /trɛp/
The vowel of end /ɛ/ is a more open vowel and thus closer to cardinal vowel [ɛ] than RP
In Cardiff, the vowel of "kit" /ɪ/ sounds slightly closer to the schwa sound of above, an advanced close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ̟]
The vowel of "bus" /ʌ/ is usually pronounced [ɜ~ə] and is encountered as a hypercorrection in northern areas for foot. It is sometimes manifested in border areas of north and mid Wales as an open front unrounded vowel /a/. It also manifests as a near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ without the foot–strut split in northeast Wales, under influence of Cheshire and Merseyside accents, and to a lesser extent in south Pembrokeshire.
The schwa tends to be supplanted by an /ɛ/ in final closed syllables, e.g. brightest /ˈbrəitɛst/. The uncertainty over which vowel to use often leads to 'hypercorrections' involving the schwa, e.g.
Official source
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