Pisa | EPFL Graph Search

Pisa (ˈpiːzə , ˈpiːza or ˈpiːsa) is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the city contains more than twenty other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century, the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies. The most believed hypothesis is that the origin of the name Pisa comes from Etruscan and means 'mouth', as Pisa is at the mouth of the Arno river. Although throughout history there have been several uncertainties about the origin of the city of Pisa, excavations made in the 1980s and 1990s found numerous archaeological remains, including the fifth century BC tomb of an Etruscan prince, proving the Etruscan origin of the city, and its role as a maritime city, showing that it also maintained trade relations with other Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient Roman authors referred to Pisa as an old city. Virgil, in his Aeneid, states that Pisa was already a great center by the times described; and gives the epithet of Alphēae to the city because it was said to have been founded by colonists from Pisa in Elis, near which the Alpheius river flowed. The Virgilian commentator Servius wrote that the Teuti founded the town 13 centuries before the start of the common era. The maritime role of Pisa should have been already prominent if the ancient authorities ascribed to it the invention of the naval ram. Pisa took advantage of being the only port along the western coast between Genoa (then a small village) and Ostia. Pisa served as a base for Roman naval expeditions against Ligurians and Gauls. In 180 BC, it became a Roman colony under Roman law, as Portus Pisanus.

Porta Spina Verde. Une nouvelle entrée pour un parc à la frontière italo-suisse (CH, I)

Adrian Knöpfel

L'agglomération transfrontalière de Como-Chiasso est fortement caractérisée par la spatialité complexe de la frontière. Celle-ci est physiquement présente comme une barrière dans le tissu urbain. Les infrastructures d'une échelle supranationale se superposent et interrompent la connectivité régionale du territoire. Des éléments invisibles tels que des différences politiques, fiscales et économiques structurent les flux au sein même de l'agglomération. Le projet prolonge le parc régional Spina Verde à travers les voies de chemin de fer dans le quartier de Ponte Chiasso jusqu'à l'artère régionale Via Bellinzona. En tant qu'espace public, il augmente non seulement la qualité de l'environnement proche, mais il permet aussi aux gens de Chiasso d'accéder à pied à un grand espace de détente de l'autre côté de la frontière. Au sein de l'extension du parc, une passerelle traverse les rails. Le bâtiment qui est lié à cette passerelle contient le centre des visiteurs du parc aussi bien qu'un jardin d'enfants, une crèche et un marché couvert. Ces programmes desservent le voisinage et prennent d'autant plus en considération la densité des flux transfrontaliers le long de la Via Bellinzona. Ils permettent notamment aux travailleurs frontaliers d'y laisser leurs enfants avant de traverser la frontière et de fournir également aux clients qui la traversent dans l'autre direction, des produits frais de la région.

2014

Design of a GPS and Galileo Multi-Frequency Front-End

Pierre-André Farine, Cyril Botteron, Youssef Tawk, Frédéric Chastellain, Enrique Rivera Parada

GNSS platforms such as the American Global Positioning System (GPS) or the Russian GLONASS system are being continuously updated with new satellites offering new signals, new frequencies and new functionalities. Moreover, new GNSS systems such as the Europ ...

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