ARPANET

Summary

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense. Building on the ideas of J. C. R. Licklider, Bob Taylor initiated the ARPANET project in 1966 to enable resource sharing between remote computers. Taylor appointed Larry Roberts as program manager. Roberts made the key decisions about the network design. He incorporated Donald Davies' concepts and designs for packet switching, and sought input from Paul Baran. ARPA awarded the contract to build the network to Bolt Beranek & Newman who developed the first protocol for the network. Roberts engaged Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA to develop mathematical methods for analyzing the packet network technology

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET

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Fault Localization at the WDM Layer

Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Carmen Mas, Patrick Thiran

A single failure in a communication network may trigger many alarms. When the communication network uses optical fibres as transmission medium and increases its capacity by using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), the number of alarms and the difficulty to locate the failure are considerably higher. In this case, a single failure may interrupt several channels which causes a large information loss. We propose an Alarm Filtering Algorithm (AFA) for the fault management of an optical network that supports multiple failures and works in the presence of passive elements, that is, network elements which may fail but never generate an alarm (e.g. optical fibres). The algorithm provides a list of components whose failure explain the observed alarms. It avoids the use of failure probabilities, which are difficult to estimate, and does not need a global knowledge of the network topology. Moreover it also tolerates alarm losses and false alarms. The algorithm is tailored to the specific behaviour of the hardware components of an optical network when a failure occurs. The classification of the network components according to the alarm signals they generate enables a formalisation of the alarm-filtering problem and results in an efficient algorithm for localising the failure(s). This algorithm is applied to the WDM rings of the COBNET network~\cite{cobnet} (COBNET is a European ACTS project) and to a meshed optical network with the ARPA2 topology.

1999

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We propose an Alarm Filtering Algorithm (AFA) for the fault management of an optical network that supports multiple failures and works in the presence of passive elements, that is, network elements which may fail but never generate an alarm (e.g. optical fibres). The algorithm provides a list of components whose failure explain the observed alarms. It avoids the use of failure probabilities, which are difficult to estimate, and does not need a global knowledge of the network topology. Moreover it also tolerates alarm losses and false alarms. The algorithm is tailored to the specific behaviour of the hardware components of an optical network when a failure occurs. The classification of the network components according to the alarm signals they generate enables a formalisation of the alarm-filtering problem and results in an efficient algorithm for localising the failure(s). This algorithm is applied to the WDM rings of the COBNET network (COBNET is a European ACTS project) and to a meshed optical network with the ARPA2 topology.

1999

Fault Localization at the WDM layer

Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Carmen Mas, Patrick Thiran

1999