Emil Stanisław Rappaport

Emil Stanisław Rappaport (8 July 1877 – 10 August 1965) was a Polish lawyer of Jewish descent. He was a specialist in criminal law and a founder of the doctrine of international criminal law. In 1930, he was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta Commander's Cross with Star, Poland's second highest civilian state award. He was the son of Feliks Rappaport and Justyna Bauerertz. From 1897-1901 he studied law at the Russian Imperial University of Warsaw. In 1910 he received a Doctor of Law degree at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Starting in 1919 he was a member of the Codification Committee, one of the founders of International Association of Penal Law (L'Association Internationale de Droit Penal), serving as its vice-chairman between 1924 and 1939. He proposed that not only aggressive war, but also the propaganda for aggressive war should be considered an international crime. He was co-founder and member of the Senate at Free Polish University, and a professor of criminal policy. In the years 1920-1932, as an assistant professor, Rappaport taught criminal law at the University of Lviv. In 1948 he was appointed as full professor at the University of Łódź. From 1917 to 1919 he was an appellate court judge in Warsaw, and from 1919 to 1951, he was a judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland. In the period of the German occupation, he was arrested by the Gestapo and held prisoner for almost one year in Pawiak and Mokotow Prison; he was held under the charge of miscarriage of justice of citizens of German nationality. Under the pseudonym of Stanislaw Barycz, he wrote as a journalist for various magazines. His book, The Criminal Nation: Offenses of Nazism and the German nation, consisted of extensive characterization of the ideology and social policy of Nazism, after which followed the proposals of the German nation's punishment for its crimes. He was aware that his ideas were radical and may raise doubts. He opted for a penalty consistent with the guilt of the accused. He pointed to the criminal nature of the German nation.