Gabion

Summary

A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping. For erosion control, caged riprap is used. For dams or in foundation construction, cylindrical metal structures are used. In a military context, earth- or sand-filled gabions are used to protect sappers, infantry, and artillerymen from enemy fire. Leonardo da Vinci designed a type of gabion called a Corbeille Leonard ("Leonard[o] basket") for the foundations of the San Marco Castle in Milan. Civil engineering The most common civil engineering use of gabions was refined and patented by Gaetano Maccaferri in the late 19th century in Sacerno, Emilia Romagna and used to stabilize shorelines, stream banks or slopes against erosion. Other uses include retaining walls, noise barriers, temporary flood walls, si

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabion

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In the last decades the design of stepped spillways regained some interest because of their suitability with new construction methods including gabions. The hydraulic performances of gabion stepped weirs were investigated experimentally in terms of the flow patterns, air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation. A laboratory study was conducted in a 26.6 degrees slope (1V: 2H) and 0.10-m step height facility, with both smooth impervious and gabion steps. The visual observations highlighted the seepage flow through the gabions, inducing a modification of the cavity flow especially in the skimming flow regime. In skimming flows, higher velocities were measured at the downstream end of the gabion stepped chute, associated with smaller energy dissipation rates and lower friction factors, compared to the smooth impervious stepped chute data. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.

American Society of Civil Engineers2014

The stepped spillway design has been used for more than 3,300 years. A simple structure is the gabion stepped weir. A laboratory study was performed herein in a large size facility. Three gabion stepped weirs were tested with and without capping, as well as a flat impervious stepped configuration. For each configuration, detailed air–water flow measurements were conducted systematically for a range of discharges. The observations highlighted the seepage flow through the gabions and the interactions between seepage and overflow. The air–water flow properties showed that the air concentration, bubble count rate and specific interface data presented lower quantitative values in the gabion stepped weir, compared to those on the impervious stepped chute, while higher velocities weremeasured at the downstream end of the gabion stepped chute. The re-oxygenation rate was deduced from the integration of the mass transfer equation using air–water interfacial area and velocity measurements. The aeration performances of the gabion stepped weir were lesser than on the flat impervious stepped chute, but for the lowest discharge. For the two configurations with step capping, the resulting flow properties were close to those on the impervious stepped configuration.

Springer Verlag2015

In the last three decades the design of stepped spillways regained some interest because of their suitability with new construction methods including gabion placement. In this study, the hydraulic performances of gabion stepped weirs were investigated experimentally in terms of the air-water flow properties and energy dissipation rate. A physical study was performed in a relatively large size facility with a 26.6° slope (1V:2H) and 0.10 m step height. For both gabion and impervious stepped weirs, a detailed comparison of the air-water flow properties was performed. The visual observations highlighted the seepage flow through the gabions, including a modification of the cavity flow dynamics, especially in the skimming flow regime. In skimming flows, higher velocities were measured at the downstream end of the gabion stepped chute, associated with lesser energy dissipation rates.

2014