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Concept
Score voting
Summary
Score voting or range voting is an electoral system for single-seat elections, in which voters give each candidate a score, the scores are added (or averaged), and the candidate with the highest total is elected. It has been described by various other names including evaluative voting, utilitarian voting, interval measure voting, the point system, ratings summation, 0-99 voting, average voting and utility voting. It is a type of cardinal voting electoral system, and aims to implement the utilitarian social choice rule.
Score voting should be distinguished from positional voting systems, such as the Borda count: in score voting, each voter is free to give any score to any candidate; in positional voting, the score that each voter gives to each candidate is uniquely determined by the candidate's rank in the voter's ballot.
Combined approval voting, a 3-rank form of score voting, is used to determine which candidates represent the parties in Latvia's Saeima (parliament). The number of seats for each party is determined by the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method of proportional representation.
A crude form of score voting was used in some elections in ancient Sparta, by measuring how loudly the crowd shouted for different candidates. This has a modern-day analog of using clapometers in some television shows and the judging processes of some athletic competitions.
The Republic of Venice elected the Doge in a multi-round system, with the round that actually named the Doge being a three-point score election (For, Neutral, Against). This process was used continually, with only minor changes, for over 500 years, until the republic was conquered by Napoleon.
A modern governmental example is the selection process for the Secretary-General of the United Nations, which also has a three-point scale ("Encourage," "Discourage," and "No Opinion").
Score voting is used by the Green Party of Utah to elect officers, on a 0–9 scale.
Members of Wikipedia's Arbitration Committee are elected using a three-point scale ("Support", "Neutral", "Oppose").
Official source
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