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Concept
Stockfish (chess)
Summary
Stockfish is a free and open-source chess engine, available for various desktop and mobile platforms. It can be used in chess software through the Universal Chess Interface.
Stockfish has consistently ranked first or near the top of most chess-engine rating lists and, as of April 2023, is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world. Its estimated Elo rating is around 3550 (CCRL 40/15). It has won the Top Chess Engine Championship 14 times and the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship 19 times.
The Stockfish engine was developed by Tord Romstad, Marco Costalba, and Joona Kiiski. It is now being developed and maintained by the Stockfish community. It is derived from Glaurung, an open-source engine by Tord Romstad released in 2004.
Stockfish can use up to 1024 CPU threads in multiprocessor systems. The maximal size of its transposition table is 32 TB. Stockfish implements an advanced alpha–beta search and uses bitboards. Compared to other engines, it is characterized by its great search depth, due in part to more aggressive pruning and late move reductions. , Stockfish 16 (4-threaded) achieves an Elo rating of 3541 on the CCRL 40/15 benchmark.
Stockfish supports Chess960, which is one feature that was inherited from Glaurung. The Syzygy tablebase support, previously available in a fork maintained by Ronald de Man, was integrated into Stockfish in 2014. In 2018 support for the 7-men Syzygy was added, shortly after becoming available.
Stockfish has been a very popular engine on various platforms. On desktop, it is the default chess engine bundled with the Internet Chess Club interface programs BlitzIn and Dasher. On mobile, it has been bundled with the Stockfish app, SmallFish and Droidfish. Other Stockfish-compatible graphical user interfaces (GUIs) include Fritz, Arena, Stockfish for Mac, and PyChess. Stockfish can be compiled to WebAssembly or JavaScript, allowing it to run in the browser. Both chess.com and Lichess provide Stockfish in this form in addition to a server-side program.
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