Christian cross | EPFL Graph Search

The Christian cross, seen as a representation of the crucifixion of Jesus on a large wooden cross, is a renowned symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix (a cross that includes a corpus, usually a three-dimensional with representation of Jesus' body) and to the more general family of cross symbols, the term cross itself being detached from the original specifically Christian meaning in modern English (as in many other western languages). The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms and the Greek cross with equal arms, besides numerous variants, partly with confessional significance, such as the tau cross, the double-barred cross, triple-barred cross, cross-and-crosslets, and many heraldic variants, such as the cross potent, cross pattée, cross moline, cross fleury, etc. A version of the cross symbol was used long before the Christian era in the form of the ancient Egyptian ankh. John Pearson, Bishop of Chester (1660) wrote in his commentary on the Apostles' Creed that the Greek word stauros originally signified "a straight standing Stake, Pale, or Palisador", but that, "when other transverse or prominent parts were added in a perfect Cross, it retained still the Original Name", and he declared: "The Form then of the Cross on which our Saviour suffered was not a simple, but a compounded, Figure, according to the Custom of the Romans, by whose Procurator he was condemned to die. In which there was not only a straight and erected piece of Wood fixed in the Earth, but also a transverse Beam fastened unto that towards the top thereof". Frederick Elwothy claims that for the few centuries, the emblem of Christ was a headless T-shaped Tau cross rather than a Latin cross. Christian symbolism#Early Christian symbols There are few extant examples of the cross in 2nd century Christian iconography. It has been argued that Christians were reluctant to use it as it depicts a purposely painful and gruesome method of public execution.

The long cross-over dynamics of capillary imbibition

Ignacio Pagonabarraga Mora

Spontaneous capillary imbibition is a classical problem in interfacial fluid dynamics with a broad range of applications, from microfluidics to agriculture. Here we study the duration of the cross-over between an initial linear growth of the imbibition fro ...

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS2022

Missing water from the Qiangtang Basin on the Tibetan Plateau

David Andrew Barry, Tao Wang, Jiaqi Chen

The Qiangtang Basin is a large endorheic basin in the inner part of the Tibetan Plateau and has been thought to be a dry region in contrast with its wet surrounding outer region that feeds all the major Asian rivers. Combining surface hydrological data wit ...

2021

A membrane-less electrolyzer with porous walls for high throughput and pure hydrogen production dagger

Demetri Psaltis, Steven Alexandre Schenk, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Hashemi, Pooria Hadikhani

Membrane-less electrolyzers utilize fluidic forces instead of solid barriers for the separation of electrolysis gas products. These electrolyzers have low ionic resistance, a simple design, and the ability to work with electrolytes at different pH values. ...

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY2021