Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services. Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory. However, it ultimately became an umbrella title for various directory-based identity-related services. A domain controller is a server running the Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS) role. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain-type network, assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted username and password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or a non-admin user. Furthermore, it allows the management and storage of information, provides authentication and authorization mechanisms, and establishes a framework to deploy oth

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Review of Eurotunnel’s Decision-Making Process A critical appraisal of Ex-ante vs. Ex-post studies

Tristan Chevroulet, Georgeta Geambasu, Christian Reynaud, Aymeric Sevestre

This document provides a methodical investigation of the main assessment steps that have led to the construction of Eurotunnel and it compares the results of the analyses that were achieved before the key decisions with the results of studies that have been undertaken since Eurotunnel is in operation. The analysis of successful and mismatched appraisals is followed by a series of methodological recommendations aimed at helping decision-makers to gain from positive experience and to avoid the pitfalls that Eurotunnel encountered. EVA-TREN is the acronym of “improved decision-aid methods and tools to support evaluation of investment for transport and energy networks in Europe”. It is a research aimed at improving decision support for large-scale transport and energy projects in the European Union. EVA-TREN is funded by the Directory General for Transport and Energy (DG TREN) of the European Commission, within the Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6). EVA-TREN comprises, amongst other, the study of eleven significant investments in European transport and energy infrastructure. More information is available at: www.evatren.eu

2007

Cuckoo Directory: A Scalable Directory for Many-Core Systems

Ken Balet, Babak Falsafi, Michael Ferdman, Pejman Lotfi Kamran

Growing core counts have highlighted the need for scalable on-chip coherence mechanisms. The increase in the number of on-chip cores exposes the energy and area costs of scaling the directories. Duplicate-tag based directories require highly associative structures that grow with core count, precluding scalability due to prohibitive power consumption. Sparse directories overcome the power barrier by reducing directory associativity, but require storage area over-provisioning to avoid high invalidation rates. We propose the Cuckoo directory, a power- and area-efficient scalable distributed directory. The cuckoo directory scales to high core counts without the energy costs of wide associative lookup and without gross capacity over-provisioning. Simulation of a 16-core CMP with commercial server and scientific workloads shows that the Cuckoo directory eliminates invalidations while being up to four times more power efficient than the Duplicate-tag directory and 24% more power-efficient and up to seven times more area efficient than the Sparse directory organization. Analytical projections indicate that the Cuckoo directory retains its energy and area benefits with increasing core count, efficiently scaling to at least 1024 cores.

IEEE Press2011

Federated directories of Semantic web services

Ion Constantinescu, Alexandre De Oliveira e Sousa, Boi Faltings, Michael Ignaz Schumacher, Tim van Pelt

ACM Press2007

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