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Concept
Ilocano people
Summary
The Ilocanos (Tattao nga Iloko/Ilokano), Ilokanos, or Iloko people are the third largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. They mostly reside within the Ilocos Region, in the northwestern seaboard of Luzon, Philippines. The native language of the Ilocano people is the Ilocano (or Ilokano) language.
Historically, Ilocanos have an elaborate network of beliefs and social practices.
The Ilocano diaspora spans nearly all parts of the Philippines, as well as places in the Western world, particularly Hawaii and California. Emigration was caused by dense population pressures in a region with limited agricultural potential. The Ilocos Region is one of the most densely populated regions in the Philippines. Agricultural production is not sufficient to meet local needs, thus, much of the population historically went into the labor market and interregional trade. Tobacco is the leading cash crop of the Ilocano people. The textile industry in the area has a long tradition, while fishing is second only to agricultural production.
The word Ilocano or Ilokano originates from the word Iloko/Iloco (archaic Spanish form, Yloco), the conjugation of i- (meaning 'of') and look (meaning 'bay'), which means 'from the bay' in Ilocano. Alternatively, according to some records, the name is derived from "l-"(originating from) and "luku" or "lukung" (a valley or depression in land, hence "lowland") located between the "gulod" (mountains) and the "luek" (sea or bay).
One of the Spanish language's effects on the demonym is grammatical gender. "Ilocano" or "Ilokano" is used to refer to males, while "Ilocana" or "Ilokana" is used to refer to females.
Models of migration to the Philippines
Two theories are prominent among historians regarding the spread of what historians call the Austronesian peoples.
A theory posted by the anthropologist Henry Otley Beyer, known as the Wave of Migration Theory, posits that from 300 to 200 BC a migration of Austronesian speaking people from the island of Borneo arrived on the shores of northwest Luzon.
Official source
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