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Concept
Carlism
Summary
Carlism (Karlismo; Carlisme; Carlismo; Carlismo) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty – one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855) – on the Spanish throne.
The movement was founded as a consequence of an early nineteenth century dispute over the succession of the Spanish monarchy and widespread dissatisfaction with the Alfonsine line of the House of Bourbon, and subsequently found itself becoming a notable element of Spanish conservatism in its nineteenth century struggle against liberalism, which repeatedly broke out into military conflicts known as the Carlist Wars.
It was at its strongest in the 1830s but experienced a revival following Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War in 1898, when the Spanish Empire lost its last remaining significant overseas territories of the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States.
Carlism continued to play a notable role in the twentieth century as part of the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War and the subsequently triumphant Francoist regime until the return of democracy in 1975. Carlism continues to survive as a minor party.
Objectively considered, Carlism appears as a political movement. It arose under the protection of a dynastic flag that proclaimed itself "legitimist", and that rose to the death of Ferdinand VII, in the year 1833, with enough echo and popular roots, [...] they distinguish in it three cardinal bases that define it:a) A dynastic flag: that of legitimacy.b) A historical continuity: that of Las Españas.c) And a legal-political doctrine: the traditionalist.
Traditionally, all but one of the Spanish kingdoms allowed the succession of daughters in the absence of sons and of sisters in the absence of brothers (male-preference primogeniture). The one exception, Aragon, tended to favor semi-Salicism. The most elaborate rules formed the "Seven-part code" (Siete partidas) of the late 13th century.
Official source
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