YeniseyskYeniseysk (Енисейск) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. Population: 20,000 (1970). Yeniseysk was founded in 1619 as a stockaded town—the first town on the Yenisei River. It played an important role in Russian colonization of East Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries. Its location is due to the Siberian River Routes from the Urals, up the Ob, up the Ket River and over a portage to Yeniseysk and from there to the Yenisei basin. It became less important due to road and rail building further south.
KyzylKyzyl (kɪˈzɪl; Кызыл, kɨˈzɨɫ; Кызыл, Kızıl, qɤˈzɤɫ, ) is the capital city of the republic of Tuva, Russia. The name of the city means "red" or "crimson" in Tuvan (and in many other Turkic languages). Its population was The city was founded in 1914 as Belotsarsk (Белоцарск, bjɪɫɐˈt͡sarsk; "White Tsar's town"). In 1918, it was renamed Hem-Beldir (Хем-Белдир, xem belˈdɪɾ). In 1926 it was given its present name. When the city was the capital of Tannu Tuva, it was named Kizil Khoto.
PetropavlPetropavl (Petropavl , Petropavlovsk) is a city on the Ishim River in northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia. It is the capital of the North Kazakhstan Region. Population: 218,956. The city is also known colloquially in Kazakh as Qyzyljar (). Petropavlovsk is about from Kokshetau, northwest of the national capital Astana along the A1, from Omsk. Petropavl is located in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the right bank of the Ishim river, the longest tributary of the Irtysh river.
KatorgaKatorga (ка́торга; from medieval and modern Greek: katergon, κάτεργον, "galley") was a system of penal labor in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union (see Katorga labor in the Soviet Union). Prisoners were sent to remote penal colonies in vast uninhabited areas of Siberia and the Russian Far East where voluntary settlers and workers were never available in sufficient numbers. The prisoners had to perform forced labor under harsh conditions.
BarnaulBarnaul (Барнау́л, bərnɐˈul) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob Rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877, making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District. Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia.
EvensThe Evens əˈvɛn (эвэн; pl. эвэсэл, in Even and эвены, in Russian; formerly called Lamuts) are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha east of the Lena River. According to the 2002 census, there were 19,071 Evens in Russia. According to the 2010 census, there were 22,383 Evens in Russia. They speak their own language called Even, one of the Tungusic languages. The Evens are close to the Evenks by their origins and culture.
KhakasThe Khakas are a Turkic indigenous people of Siberia, who live in the republic of Khakassia, Russia. They speak the Khakas language. The Khakhassian people are direct descendants of various ancient cultures that have inhabited southern Siberia, including the Andronovo culture, Samoyedic peoples, the Tagar culture, and the Yenisei Kirghiz culture. Despite the name, the Fuyu Kyrgyz language is not related to the Kyrgyz language, which is of Kipchak origin. The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is more similar to the Yughur language and the Abakan Turkic languages.
Yukaghir peopleThe Yukaghirs, or Yukagirs (одул, деткиль (), юкаги́ры), are a Siberian ethnic group in the Russian Far East, living in the basin of the Kolyma River. The Tundra Yukaghirs live in the Lower Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic; the Taiga Yukaghirs in the Upper Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic and in Srednekansky District of Magadan Oblast. By the time of Russian colonization in the 17th century, the Yukaghir tribal groups occupied territories from the Lena River to the mouth of the Anadyr River.
Xianbei stateThe Xianbei state or Xianbei confederation was a nomadic empire which existed in modern-day Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, Northeast China, Gansu, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Tuva, Altai Republic and eastern Kazakhstan from c. 93 to 234. Like most ancient peoples known through Chinese historiography, the ethnic makeup of the Xianbei is unclear, though they are believed to have been a Proto-Mongolic people. When the Donghu "Eastern Barbarians" were defeated by Modu Chanyu around 208 BC, the Donghu splintered into the Xianbei and Wuhuan.
YugursThe Yugurs, Yughurs, Yugu (; Western Yugur: Sarïg Yogïr; Eastern Yugur: Šera Yogor), traditionally known as Yellow Uyghurs, are a Turkic-Mongolic ethnic group and one of China's 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, consisting of 16,719 persons according to the 2000 census. The Yugur live primarily in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gansu, China. They are mostly Tibetan Buddhists. Majority of Yugurs speak a Turkic language while Mongolic and Chinese are also used in Eastern provinces.
