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Concept
Head (Unix)
Summary
head is a program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems used to display the beginning of a text or piped data.
The command syntax is:
head [options]
By default, head will print the first 10 lines of its input to the standard output. The number of lines printed may be changed with a command line option. The following example shows the first 20 lines of filename:
head -n 20 filename
This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo:
head -n 5 foo*
Most versions allow omitting n and instead directly specifying the number: -5. GNU head allows negative arguments for the -n option, meaning to print all but the last - argument value counted - lines of each input file.
c Copy first x number of bytes.
Many early versions of Unix and Plan 9 did not have this command, and documentation and books used sed instead:
sed 5q filename
The example prints every line (implicit) and quit after the fifth.
Equivalently, awk may be used to print the first five lines in a file:
awk 'NR < 6' filename
However, neither sed nor awk were available in early versions of BSD, which were based on
Version 6 Unix, and included head.
A head command is also part of ASCII's MSX-DOS2 Tools for MSX-DOS version 2. The command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.
Official source
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