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.рф

The domain name .рф (romanized as .rf; abbreviation of Росси́йская Федера́ция) is the Cyrillic country code top-level domain for the Russian Federation, in the Domain Name System of the Internet. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name . The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on 13 May 2010.

.қаз

.қаз (abbreviation of Қазақстан) is the Internet internationalized country code top-level domain (iccTLD) for Kazakhstan. It is used with web addresses using Cyrillic letters. It was launched in March 2012, when the first site, a test site ("test.qaz") was activated. Own second level domains are allowed, but there are also the following standardized second-level domains: мем.қаз – public sector organizations бiл.қаз – education institutions ком.қаз – commercial organizations қау.қаз – non-profit organizations and projects қор.

Internationalized country code top-level domain

An internationalized country code top-level domain is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. IDN ccTLDs are specially encoded domain names that are displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in their language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions.

Country code top-level domain

A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs. In 2018, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) began implementing internationalized country code top-level domains, consisting of language-native characters when displayed in an end-user application.