Olt (river)The Olt (Romanian and Hungarian; Alt; Aluta or Alutus, Oltu, Ἄλυτος Alytos) is a river in Romania. It is long, and its basin area is . It is the longest river flowing exclusively through Romania. Its average discharge at the mouth is . Its source is in the Hășmaș Mountains of the eastern Carpathian Mountains, near Bălan, rising close to the headwaters of the river Mureș. It flows through the Romanian counties Harghita, Covasna, Brașov, Sibiu, Vâlcea, and Olt. The river was known as Alutus or Aluta in Roman antiquity.
Ladislaus I of HungaryLadislaus I (I. László, Ladislav I., Ladislav I., Władysław I; 1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King Béla I of Hungary and Richeza (or Adelaide) of Poland. After Béla's death in 1063, Ladislaus and his elder brother, Géza, acknowledged their cousin Solomon as the lawful king in exchange for receiving their father's former duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom. They cooperated with Solomon for the next decade.
Bihor CountyBihor County (biˈhor) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of , Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea. The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia. It possibly came from vihor, the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic biela hora, meaning "white mountain".
Cluj CountyCluj County (kluʒ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania. Its seat is Cluj-Napoca. In Hungarian it is known as Kolozs megye. Under the Kingdom of Hungary, a county with an identical name (Kolozs County, Comitatul Cluj) existed since the 11th century. Cluj County lies in the northwestern half of the country, between parallels 47°28' in north and 46°24' in south, meridians 23°39' in west and 24°13' in east, respectively. It covers an area of 6,674 km2 unfolded in the contact zone of three representative natural units: Apuseni Mountains, Someș Plateau and Transylvanian Plain.
Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which was a military and diplomatic alliance of two sovereign states. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary, being separate from, and no longer subject to, the Austrian Empire. The compromise put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolutist rule over Hungary which Emperor Franz Joseph had instituted after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
BistrițaBistrița (ˈbistrit͡sa; Bistritz, archaic Nösen, Transylvanian Saxon: Bästerts, Beszterce) is the capital city of Bistrița-Năsăud County, in northern Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistrița River. The city has a population of 78,877 inhabitants (2021) and administers six villages: Ghinda (Windau; Vinda), Sărata (Salz; Sófalva), Sigmir (Schönbirk; Szépnyír), Slătinița (Pintak; Pinták), Unirea (until 1950 Aldorf; Wallendorf; Aldorf) and Viișoara (Heidendorf; Besenyő).
MediașMediaș (ˈmedi.aʃ; Media, Mediasch, Transylvanian Saxon: Medwesch/Medveš/Medwisch, Medgyes) is the second largest town and municipality in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania. Mediaș is located in the middle basin of Târnava Mare River, at from Sighișoara and from Blaj. The health resort Bazna, officially recognized for the first time in 1302, is from Mediaș. The health resort offers mineral water springs, rich in salts, mineral mud and a special type of salt, called "Bazna salt".
GelouGelou (Gelu; Gyalu) was the Vlach ruler of Transylvania at the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 900 AD, according to the Gesta Hungarorum. Although the Gesta Hungarorum, which was written after 1150, does not indicate the enemies of the conquering Hungarians (Magyars) known from earlier annals and chronicles, it refers to local rulersincluding Gelouwho are not mentioned in other primary sources. Consequently, historians debate whether Gelou was a historical person or an imaginary figure created by the unidentified author of the Gesta Hungarorum.
Székely LandThe Székely Land or Szeklerland (Székelyföld, ˈseːkɛjføld, Székely runes: 𐲥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗𐳌𐳖𐳞𐳇; Ținutul Secuiesc and sometimes Secuimea; Szeklerland; Terra Siculorum) is a historic and ethnographic area in present-day Romania, inhabited mainly by Székelys, a subgroup of Hungarians. Its cultural centre is the city of Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely), the largest settlement in the region. Székelys (or Szeklers) live in the valleys and hills of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, corresponding mostly to the present-day Harghita, Covasna, and parts of Mureș counties in Romania.
LugojLugoj (ˈluɡoʒ; Lugos; Lugosch; Lugoš; Lugoš; Logoş) is a city in Timiș County, Romania. The Timiș River divides the city into two halves, the so-called "Romanian Lugoj" that spreads on the right bank and the "German Lugoj" on the left bank. The city administers two villages, Măguri and Tapia. The origin of the toponym Lugoj has generated a series of controversies over time. Vasile Maniu claims that it derives from the Latin word "lucus" (grove, small forest).
