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Tyrol (tɪˈroʊl,_taɪˈroʊl,_ˈtaɪroʊl ; historically the Tyrole; Tirol tiˈʁoːl; Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from its formation in the 12th century until 1919. In 1919, following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, it was divided into two modern administrative parts through the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye: State of Tyrol: Formed through the merger of North and East Tyrol, as part of Austria Region of Trentino-Alto Adige: At that time still with Souramont (Cortina d'Ampezzo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Colle Santa Lucia) and the municipalities Valvestino, Magasa, and Pedemonte, seized in 1918 by the Kingdom of Italy, and thus since 1946 part of the Italian Republic. With the founding of the European region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino the area has its own legal entity since 2011 in the form of a European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation. According to Egon Kühebacher, the name Tyrol derives from a root word meaning terrain (i.e. area, ground or soil; compare terra and Old Irish: tir); first from the village of Tirol, and its castle; from which the County of Tyrol grew. Some sources suggest it derives from the Slavic language "ta rola" meaning "this land, farming terrain/farming ground." According to Karl Finsterwalder, the name Tyrol derives from Teriolis, a late-Roman fort and travellers' hostel in Zirl, Tyrol. There seems to be no scholarly consensus. Tyrol has an area of 26,673 km2. The region consists of the State of Tyrol, the Province of South Tyrol and the Province of Trento. In addition to the region belong the municipalities Cortina d'Ampezzo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana, Colle Santa Lucia and Pedemonte from the Region of Veneto and Valvestino and Magasa from the Region of Lombardy. The largest cities in Tyrol are Innsbruck, Trento and Bolzano. The whole region of Tyrol is located in the Alps.

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Merano

Merano (UKməˈrɑːnoʊ, USmeɪˈ-, meˈraːno) or Meran (meˈʁaːn) is a city and comune (municipality) in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier Valley and the Vinschgau. In the past, the city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including Franz Kafka, Ezra Pound, Paul Lazarsfeld, and also Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who appreciated its mild climate.

Ortler

Ortler (ˈɔrtlɐ; Ortles ˈɔrtles) is, at above sea level, the highest mountain in the Eastern Alps outside the Bernina Range. It is the main peak of the Ortler Range. It is the highest point of the Southern Limestone Alps, of South Tyrol in Italy, of Tyrol overall, and, until 1919, of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. In German the mountain is commonly referred to as "König Ortler" (King Ortler), like in the unofficial hymn of South Tyrol, the Bozner Bergsteigerlied.

Bolzano

Bolzano (bolˈtsaːno or bolˈdzaːno; Bozen ˈboːtsn̩, formerly Botzen; Bozn; Balsan or Bulsan) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third largest in historical Tyrol. The greater metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants and is one of the urban centers within the Alps. Bolzano is the seat of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, where lectures and seminars are held in English, German, and Italian.

Different health systems-Different mortality outcomes? Regional disparities in avoidable mortality across German-speaking Europe, 1992-2019

Mathias Lerch

Background: Evaluating the impact of health systems on premature mortality across different countries is a very challenging task, as it is hardly possible to disentangle it from the influence of contextual factors such as cultural differences. In this resp ...

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2023

Refuge-Observatoire Scientifique Tératomorphe, "Envers des Aiguilles de Chamonix", Haute-Savoie (74), France

Eglantine Bigot-Doll

Le projet de refuge + observatoire scientifique dédié à la nivologie se loge en territoire hostile à toute construction. Roche battue par le vent catabatique, altitude de 3300m, les seuls organismes vivants sont les lichens, corps sans organes, symbiose d'algue et de mycélium proliférant selon une organisation rhizomatique. C'est par cet affranchissement de toute hiérarchie structurelle que leur longévité est assurée. Le projet se conforme à cette stratégie. Sa structure principale verticale laminée par les filets d'air fait empreinte alors que son anatomie interne découle de l'accumulation des couches successives, par mimétisme aux dépôts de neige, gels et dégels, glissements, poches, frittage et digitations viscoplastiques. L'intériorité se crée alors par l'abouchement roche/structure primaire, tous deux substrats de la seconde structure établissant le contact entre les deux systèmes. Abouchements encore dans les circulations verticales. Les agencements se créent par invaginations du dehors dans les replis de la matière. La lecture de l'édifice depuis la Mer de Glace s'apparente dès lors à celle du drapé baroque auquel s'ajoutent multiplicités et bourgeonnements, [boursouflures]. Sans laisser pour autant transparaître tout ce qui se crée au-dedans, le projet émet alors sa propre duplicité vénielle, la morpho-schizophrénie du drapé dissimulant une anatomie.

2009