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The performance of distributed temperature sensor systems based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR are investigated. The evaluated DTS system, which is based on correlation coding, uses graded-index multimode fibers, operates over short-to-medi ...
A distributed sensor system employing spontaneous Raman scattering with use of correlation-coding techniques and a single-detector scheme is discussed and experimentally characterised. A sensing distance of up to 8 km is achieved with high spatial and temp ...
Instruments for distributed fiber-optic measurement of temperature are now available with temperature resolution of 0.01°C and spatial resolution of 1 m with temporal resolution of fractions of a minute along standard fiber-optic cables used for communicat ...
In the frame of the European Fusion Technology Programme, the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and the CRPP Villigen have designed and built a 70 kA current lead for the ITER TF Coils using High Temperature Superconductors (HTS). At the beginning of 2004 the HT ...
The stable carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Catm) is a key parameter in deciphering past carbon cycle changes. Here we present δ13Catm data for the past 24,000 years derived from three independent records from two Antarctic ice cores. We conclud ...
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)2004
Water diversion for hydroelectric power generation impacts the temperature of mountain streams. Such changes are estimated by using a coupled one-dimensional dead-zone heat balance model. In very steep river sections, the dissipation of kinetic energy is t ...
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a promising foaming agent for the production of polymeric foams, representing an environmentally friendly alternative for the foaming agents currently used. During the expansion phase of the scCO2-foaming process, te ...
The river inflow in a natural lake with important suspended sediment load during floods, can impact water quality by mobilizing dissolved matters like phosphorous from deep to surface waters. Generally due to thermal stratification in prealpine lakes, the ...
Rehydration in the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus (Stal) is dependent on the blood meal, and water balance regulation is crucial for survival of starving bugs. In an experimental arena with zones at different climatic conditions, starved R. prolixus nymp ...
Matter removal in the electron discharge machining (EDM) is essentially due to a thermal mechanism. The control of the thermal process (i.e. the time dependent energy flow given by the discharge and the local temperature evolution) is therefore of crucial ...
