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Concept
Jōmon people
Summary
is the generic name of the hunter-gatherer population that lived in the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period (14,000 to 300 BC). The Jōmon people constituted a coherent population but displayed geographically defined regional subgroups.
Multiple studies on the Jōmon population analyzed the genetic contribution to modern Japanese. Jōmon samples, represented by a specimen obtained from the Funadomari archaeological site on Rebun Island and two specimens obtained from Honshu, show that mainstream Japanese people have inherited an average of 10-20% of Jōmon ancestry in their genome. The results of a study from 2021 inferred gene flow from the Jōmon population to the modern Japanese across all migration models tested, with genetic contributions ranging from 8.9 to 11.5%. In the same study, the mean Jōmon component of the modern Japanese individual estimated using the admixture analysis was 9.31%.
Population genomic data from various Jōmon period samples show that they diverged from other East Asian people 30,000 to 20,000 years ago. After their migration into the Japanese archipelago in 15,000 to 20,000 BC, they became largely isolated from outside geneflow. A tie between Jomon and Yana was detected but was only marginally significant. Further validation studies using better-quality ancient samples would be necessary. Future studies, particularly additional samples of Paleo-Siberians and ancient Central Asians, would help to elucidate the reason for the potential genetic connection between Yana and Jomon people.
Several studies of numerous Jōmon skeletal remains that were excavated from various locations in the Japanese archipelago allowed researchers to learn more about the Jōmon period population of Japan. The Jōmon people were relatively close to other East Asians, however shared more similarities with Native American samples. Within Japan, regional variance among different Jōmon remains was detected. Historically, the Jōmon people were classified as Mongoloid.
Official source
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