Wilderness medical emergency

A wilderness medical emergency is a medical emergency that takes place in a wilderness or remote setting affinitive care (hospital, clinic, etc.). Such an emergency can require specialized skills, treatment techniques, and knowledge in order to manage the patient for an extended period of time before and during evacuation. Arthropod bites and stings Appendicitis (leading to peritonitis folkloric "what if" for long-distance sailing) Ballistic trauma (gunshot wound when hunting) Eye injuries (such as from branches) Flail chest associated with ice climbing and snowclimbing falls Hyperthermia (heat stroke or sunstroke) Malignant hyperthermia Hypothermia Frostbite Poisoning Food poisoning associated with warm weather expeditions Venomous animal bite Botanical from mushrooms or "wild greens"" Severe burn (forest fire) Spreading wound infection Suspected spinal injury from falls, falling rock, ice Traumatic brain injury from falls, falling rock, ice Lyme disease infection Malaria infection associated with expeditions Necrotizing Fasciitis Rabies infection Salmonella poisoning associated with expeditions Subdural hematoma, associated with rockfall, icefall, falls while climbing, glissade crashes with rocks, mountain bike crashes Altitude sickness Asphyxia Drowning Smoke inhalation (related to Forest fire) Pneumothorax Pulmonary edema associated with high altitude (HAPE) Respiratory Arrest associated with neurotoxic bites Anaphylaxis associated with stings Hypovolemic shock (due to hemorrhage) associated with climbing falls, kayak crashes, etc. Electric shock Few programs teach psychological first aid, although mental distress is commonly encountered by wilderness guides and outdoor athletes. A mass casualty incident (MCI) is a situation in which the number or severity of casualties overwhelms the available medical resources and service providers. Wilderness MCIs may include blizzards, earthquakes, avalanches, landslides, floods and forest fire, but they need not be natural disasters.