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A website (also written as a web site) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news, education, commerce, entertainment or social networking. Hyperlinking between web pages guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page. the top 5 most visited websites are Google Search, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. There are also private websites that can only be accessed on a private network, such as a company's internal website for its employees. Users can access websites on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The app used on these devices is called a web browser. Background The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by the British CERN computer scientist Tim Berne

Cohabitation chromatique: une nouvelle "Siedlung" à Vufflens-la-Ville (VD)

André Gruaz

Le point de départ du projet est l'application, à la ville de Lausanne, du schéma du Trabantenprinzip mis au point par Ernst May pour la ville de Francfort dans les années 1920. Sur six sites identifiés, l'agglomération pourrait gagner environ 2100 logements et 7800 hab. à l'horizon 2025. Le projet s'intéresse au cas de Vufflens-la-Ville, petite commune de 1284 hab. située au Nord-Ouest de Lausanne, composée en majeure partie d'habitations et de fermes, où les services usuels, tels que poste, restaurant ou épicerie, n'existent plus. Le projet prévoit l'implantation d'un nouveau quartier d'habitation a part entière, inspiré par les Siedlungen construites à Francfort par Ernst May et à Berlin par Bruno Taut, pendant la période de l'entre-deux-guerres. Au total, ce sont 318 logements pour une moyenne de 1175 hab. qui sont prévus. La forme urbaine tient compte des caractéristiques du site, à savoir les deux axes majeurs et la végétation qui le structurent, ainsi que la topographie naturelle qui a amené les barres de logements en arc de cercle à la suivre avec respect. Un travail particulier a été mené concernant l'aspect chromatique des bâtiments et, par conséquent, des rues, afin de rendre ce quartier vif et accueillant. De plus, la disposition et la géométrie des ouvertures, les seuils entre intérieur et extérieur, la vision du jardin privé comme une pièce faisant partie à part entière de la maison, l'utilisation d'un système constructif simple et efficace, et la réintroduction de services quotidiens dans un lieu stratégique du site ont également été pensés et contribuent à la bonne conduite du projet.

2018

How We Use Wikipedia: Studying Readers' Behavior with Navigation Traces

Tiziano Piccardi

In the information age, the Web and the growing global connectivity drastically simplified our access to information. Learning and fact-checking from online resources is nowadays part of our daily routine. Studying the dynamic associated with online content consumption is critical to understanding human behavior and informing future platforms' design. In this thesis, we provide a comprehensive overview of online knowledge-seeking, a specific instance of information-seeking, by describing the behavioral pattern of Wikipedia readers. Despite the importance and pervasiveness of Wikipedia as one of the largest platforms for open knowledge, surprisingly little is known about how people navigate and interact with its content. This thesis is organized around two major contributions. We start with a large-scale characterization of the navigation patterns on Wikipedia in English, and then we introduce the tools we developed to conduct our analyses.In the first part, we shed light on the navigation patterns with three large-scale studies based on passively collected digital traces. Using billions of requests collected in Wikipedia's logs, we measure how readers reach articles, transition between pages, and leave the platform. We provide a complete overview of the readers' behavior by characterizing the frequent navigation dynamics and the level of engagement with different types of external links on the page. Then, given the observed role of Wikipedia as a gateway to the Web, we quantify the hypothetical economic value of the traffic received by external websites.In the second part, we present the tools that we developed to make our analysis possible and support future work in this field. First, we introduce WikiPDA, a cross-lingual topic modeling method able to generate a shared topics space for all editions of Wikipedia. Then, we present WikiHist.html, an effort to make publicly available the full Wikipedia history in HTML format. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings and presenting future research opportunities enabled by our contributions.

EPFL2022

How We Use Wikipedia: Studying Readers' Behavior with Navigation Traces

Tiziano Piccardi

EPFL2022