Vestibular membrane

The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane, is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct. It helps to transmit vibrations from fluid in the vestibular duct to the cochlear duct. Together with the basilar membrane, it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the spiral organ of Corti. It allows nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. It may be damaged in Ménière's disease. It is named after the German anatomist Ernst Reissner. The vestibular membrane separates the cochlear duct (scala media) from the vestibular duct (scala vestibuli). Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium. These are separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes. The vestibular membrane helps to transmit vibrations from fluid in the vestibular duct to the cochlear duct. Together with the basilar membrane, the vestibular membrane creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph. This is important for the function of the spiral organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. The vestibular membrane may be ruptured by an increase in the pressure of endolymph in the cochlear duct. This may occur in Ménière's disease. The vestibular membrane is also known as Reissner's membrane. This alternative name is named after German anatomist Ernst Reissner (1824-1878). File:Gray929.png|Floor of cochlear duct. File:Gray930.png|Spiral limbus and basilar membrane.

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Organ of Corti

The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea. This highly varied strip of epithelial cells allows for transduction of auditory signals into nerve impulses' action potential. Transduction occurs through vibrations of structures in the inner ear causing displacement of cochlear fluid and movement of hair cells at the organ of Corti to produce electrochemical signals. Italian anatomist Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (1822–1876) discovered the organ of Corti in 1851.

Inner ear

The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The Ear as an Electroacoustic Sensor EE-348: Electroacoustics

Explores the human hearing system, emphasizing the outer ear's role in sound capture and transmission, as well as the middle ear's function in transforming vibrations into electrical signals.

Bioelectronic Medicine: Cochlear Implants and Vestibular Prostheses BIOENG-448: Fundamentals of neuroengineering

Explores bioelectronic medicine through cochlear implants and vestibular prostheses, discussing inner ear anatomy, hearing loss, and neural stimulation techniques.

The Auditory System: Anatomy, Function, and Localization EE-548: Audio engineering

Explores the anatomy and function of the auditory system, including sound localization and signal processing mechanisms.

Variants in USP48 encoding ubiquitin hydrolase are associated with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss

Nicolas Jean Philippe Guex

Non-Syndromic Hereditary Hearing Loss (NSHHL) is a genetically heterogeneous sensory disorder with about 120 genes already associated. Through exome sequencing (ES) and data aggregation, we identified a family with six affected individuals and one unrelate ...

2021

Circadian Regulation of Cochlear Sensitivity to Noise by Circulating Glucocorticoids

Frédéric Bruno Martin Gachon, Benjamin Dieter Weger

The cochlea possesses a robust circadian clock machinery that regulates auditory function. How the cochlear clock is influenced by the circadian system remains unknown. Here, we show that cochlear rhythms are system driven and require local Bmal1 as well a ...

CELL PRESS2019

Biomedical optical techniques for intracochlear cellular imaging

Marilisa Romito

Imaging the inner ear microanatomy is of great importance for the assessment of the state of the cells responsible for sound detection. Hearing disorders are mainly due to a malfunction of the cochlea, the bone containing the cells inside the inner ear. Un ...

EPFL2019