Partial equivalence relation

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Covers the construction of R and equivalence relations in sequences and linear recurrences.

Explores kinetic effects in electrostatic instabilities in magnetized plasmas, focusing on wave-particle resonances and finite Larmor radius effects.

Introduces number theory and its essential applications in cryptography.

Explores equivalence relations, reflexivity, equivalence classes, and constructing new sets based on equivalent elements.

Explores properties of operations, equivalence relations, and logic basics.

Covers the construction of integers through equivalence relations and their properties in mathematics.

Covers equivalence classes, relations, quotient sets, and functions properties.

Covers the analytical expression of orthogonal projections and reflections in 2D space.

Covers logical expressions, sets, elements, and equivalence relations.

Delves into advanced group theory concepts such as isomorphisms and homomorphisms.