Botswana (Land of the Tswana; bɒtˈswɑːnə, UKbʊt-,_bʊˈtʃw-), officially the Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana, lɪˈfatshɪ la bʊˈtswana), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 per cent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected by the Kazungula Bridge to Zambia, across the world's shortest border between two countries.
A country of slightly over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. It is essentially the nation state of the Tswana, who make up 79% of the population. About 11.6 per cent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US70peryearinthelate1960s—ithassincetransformeditselfintoanupper−middle−incomecountry,withoneoftheworld′sfastest−growingeconomies.Modern−dayhumansfirstinhabitedthecountryover200,000yearsago.TheTswanaethnicgroupweredescendedmainlyfromBantu−speakingtribeswhomigratedsouthwardofAfricatomodernBotswanaaround600AD,livingintribalenclavesasfarmersandherders.In1885,theBritishcolonisedtheareaanddeclaredaprotectorateunderthenameofBechuanaland.Asdecolonisationoccurred,BechuanalandbecameanindependentCommonwealthrepublicunderitscurrentnameon30September1966.Sincethen,ithasbeenarepresentativerepublic,withaconsistentrecordofuninterrupteddemocraticelectionsandthelowestperceivedcorruptionrankinginAfricasinceatleast1998.Theeconomyisdominatedbyminingandtourism.BotswanahasaGDP(purchasingpowerparity)percapitaofabout18,113 , one of the highest in the subsaharan Africa. Botswana is the world's biggest diamond producing country.
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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania.
Botswana (Land of the Tswana; bɒtˈswɑːnə, UKbʊt-,_bʊˈtʃw-), officially the Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana, lɪˈfatshɪ la bʊˈtswana), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 per cent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected by the Kazungula Bridge to Zambia, across the world's shortest border between two countries.
Zimbabwe (zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ,_-wi), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east. The capital and largest city is Harare, and the second largest is Bulawayo. A country of roughly 15 million people, Zimbabwe's largest ethnic group are the Shona, who make up 80% of the population, followed by the Northern Ndebele and other smaller minorities.