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Concept
Khaybar
Summary
Khaybar (خَيْبَر, ˈxajbar) is an oasis situated some north of the city of Medina in the Medina Province of Saudi Arabia. Prior to the rise of Islam in the 7th century, the area had been inhabited by Arabian Jewish tribes until it fell to Muslim armies under Muhammad during the Battle of Khaybar in 628 CE.
Before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE, indigenous Arabs and Jews made up the population of Khaybar, but when Jewish settlement in northern Arabia began is unknown. In 567, Khaybar was invaded and purged of its Jewish inhabitants by the Ghassanid Arab Christian king Al-Harith ibn Jabalah. He later freed the captives upon his return to the Levant. A brief account of the campaign is given by Ibn Qutaybah, and confirmed by the Harran Inscription. See Irfan Shahid's Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century for full details.
Jewish community of Khaybar
As late as the 7th century, Khaybar was still inhabited by Jews, who pioneered the cultivation of the oasis and made their living by growing date palm trees, commerce and craftsmanship and accumulating considerable wealth.
The oasis was divided into three regions: al-Natat, al-Shikk and al-Katiba. They were probably separated by natural divisions such as the desert, Harrat Khaybar lava drifts and swamps. Each of the regions contained several fortresses or redoubts, containing homes, storehouses and stables. Each fortress was occupied by a separate family and surrounded by cultivated fields and palm-groves. To improve their defensive capabilities, the settlers raised the fortresses up hills or basalt rocks.
List of expeditions of Muhammad and Battle of Khaybar
In 627, Muhammad ordered the Expedition of Fadak to attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar. In this expedition one person was captured by Muslims, and the rest of the tribe fled.
The Battle of Khaybar took place in May/June 628. The Jewish Banū *Naḍīr of *Medina, who claimed to be descendants of Aaron the priest, owned lands in Khaybar and had castles, fortresses and weapons there.
Official source
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