16481648 has been suggested as possibly the last year in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thirty Years' War, the latter of which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. January 15 – Manchu invaders of China's Fujian province capture Spanish Dominican priest Francisco Fernández de Capillas, torture him and then behead him.
1671January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670. January 5 – The Battle of Salher is fought in India as the first major confrontation between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire, with the Maratha Army of 40,000 infantry and cavalry under the command of General Prataprao Gujar defeating a larger Mughal force led by General Diler Khan.
1517Year 1517 (MDXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 22 – Battle of Ridaniya: The Holy Ottoman army of the sultan Selim I defeat the Mamluk army in Egypt, under Tuman bay II. January 30 – Cairo is captured by the Ottoman Empire after a three day battle, and the Mamluk Sultanate falls. February 8 – Bernal Díaz del Castillo, a chronicler who documents the conquest of Mexico, sets out with Captain Francisco Hernández de Córdoba's crew from Jaruco.
1532Year 1532 (MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil. March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by the Speaker of the House of Commons. Henry responds by stating that the commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament was prorogued until April 10.
