Dachau concentration camp

Dachau (ˈdæxaʊ, -kaʊ; ˈdɑːxaʊ, -kaʊ) was one of the first concentration camps built by Nazi Germany and the longest running one, opening on 22 March 1933. The camp was initially intended to intern Hitler's political opponents, which consisted of communists, social democrats, and other dissidents. It is located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory northeast of the medieval town of Dachau, about northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. After its opening by Heinrich Himmler, its purpose was enlarged to include forced labor, and eventually, the imprisonment of Jews, Romani, German and Austrian criminals, and, finally, foreign nationals from countries that Germany occupied or invaded. The Dachau camp system grew to include nearly 100 sub-camps, which were mostly work camps or Arbeitskommandos, and were located throughout southern Germany and Austria. The main camp was liberated by U.S. forces on 29 April 1945. Prisoners lived in constant fear of bruta

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ChE-311: Biochemical engineering

This course introduces the basic principles of bioprocess engineering and highlights the similarities and differences with chemical engineering. Without going into the fundamentals, it proposes an overview of the techniques for fermentation as well as product purification (DownStream Processing).

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This course covers the metallurgy, processing and properties of modern high-performance metals and alloys (e.g. advanced steels, Ni-base, Ti-base, High Entropy Alloys etc.). In addition, the principles of computational alloy design as well as approaches for a sustainable metallurgy will be addressed

"Caldas do Viaduto". Population et territoire vieillissants de Beira Interior (PT)

Tania Depallens

Le Portugal et la région de Beira Interior possèdent l’une des populations les plus âgées du monde. Le pays a par ailleurs une longue histoire de littoralisation – concentration des populations, activités et réseaux d’infrastructure le long de la côte – laissant l’intérieur du pays défavorisé. Le projet revendique une nouvelle identité pour la Beira Interior, loin des représentations rurales et nostalgiques. La région possède des conditions hydrogéologiques qui en font une destination de thermalisme, soit l’usage d’eau thermale minérale à des fins thérapeutiques et récréatives. Ainsi, une vision holistique de la santé se lie à l’écologie de son paysage. Cette activité aquatique insiste sur le bien-être, recadrant le discours sur le vieillissement en termes d’habitabilité (qualité, prendre soin) plutôt que de durabilité (quantité, soigner). Le projet propose donc des bains thermaux, qui évoluent à partir d’une culture locale de la baignade et s’insèrent dans le développement d’un réseau existant de bains. La faille de Ponsul est à l’origine de sources thermales et de la formation des Portes de Ródão. Ces crêtes montagneuses produisent une impression d’isolement; elles forment, avec le fleuve du Tage et une ligne de train, les limites du site. Le projet propose un nouvel accès par bateau et train. Les bains thermaux grandissent du sol et se fondent dans le paysage, laissant le site paraître intact de toute intervention. La construction dialogue avec un viaduc de pierre existant où passe la ligne de train. Les bains sont à la fois un mur et une plateforme, un paysage et une infrastructure.

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Sputter Deposition Technology For Al((1-X))Sc(X)N Films With High Sc Concentration

Gabriel Christmann, Stefan Mertin, Paul Muralt, Sylvain Nicolay

Aluminium scandium nitride (Al1-xScxN) with its strongly enhanced piezoelectric response is the upcoming piezoelectric material of choice in next generation RF filters, sensors, actuators and energy harvesting devices. This paper will concentrate on the deposition technology for Al1-xScxN films with high Sc content. Films with Sc concentrations close to 43 at% have been grown on 200-mm substrates using a cluster type sputter deposition tool. The piezoelectric response will be discussed and correlated with the deposition parameters and film structural properties. The steps required to deliver a high-volume production solution for high Sc concentration will be described.

IEEE2017

Deuterium to helium plasma-wall change-over experiments in the JET MkII-gas box divertor

Richard Pitts

The deuterium and helium dynamics in the plasma and subdivertor regions of JET are compared during a sequence of similar ohmic and ICRH pulses where 100% He gas is injected into the JET vacuum vessel, whose graphite walls were previously saturated with deuterium. After the first six He fueled change-over discharges, only He plasma operation was performed. Following this investigation, the situation is reversed and the change-over from an initially saturated He wall is investigated when only D-2 plasma fuelling is used. The He concentration is measured in the subdivertor with a species selective Penning gauge. Comparison of the time dependence of the divertor concentrations with those at the edge and strike point shows significant differences during the first six discharges. This difference along with a global He particle balance is used to assess the status of the wall saturation over the initial 6-7 He change-over discharges. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

2003

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Nazi Germany (officially known as the German Reich 1933–43, later the Greater German Reich 1943–45) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the coun

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From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (Konzentrationslager), including subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first cam

Austria

Austria (Österreich), formally the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine provinces, one of which i