was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the eastern part of Kagoshima Prefecture. It was sometimes called Gūshū. Ōsumi bordered on Hyūga and Satsuma Provinces.
Osumi's ancient capital was near modern Kokubu. During the Sengoku and Edo periods, Ōsumi was controlled by the Shimazu clan of neighboring Satsuma and did not develop a major administrative center.
The Ōsumi region has developed its own distinct local dialect. Although Ōsumi is part of Kagoshima Prefecture today, this dialect is different from that spoken in the city of Kagoshima. There is a notable cultural pride in traditional poetry written in Ōsumi and Kagoshima dialects.
Japan's first satellite, Ōsumi, was named after the province.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Ōsumi Province was administratively separated from Hyūga Province. In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
Kagoshima Prefecture
Aira District (姶良郡) - absorbed Kuwabara and Nishisoo Districts on March 29, 1896
Gomu District (馭謨郡) - merged into Kumage District on March 29, 1896
Hishikari District (菱刈郡) - merged with Kitaisa District (北伊佐郡) of Satsuma Province to become the 2nd incarnation of Isa District (伊佐郡) on March 29, 1896
Kimotsuki District (肝属郡) - absorbed Minamiōsumi District on March 29, 1896
Kumage District (熊毛郡) - absorbed Gomu District on March 29, 1896
Kuwabara District (桑原郡) - was merged into Aira District (along with Nishisoo District) on March 29, 1896
Ōshima District (大島郡)
Ōsumi District (大隅郡)
Kitaōsumi District (北大隅郡) - merged into Kagoshima District (鹿児島郡) of Satsuma Province (along with Taniyama District (谿山郡) of Satsuma Province) on March 29, 1896
Minamiōsumi District (南大隅郡) - merged into Kimotsuki District on March 29, 1896
Soo District (囎唹郡)
Higashisoo District (東囎唹郡) - merged with Minamimorokata District (南諸県郡) (formerly from Miyazaki Prefecture) to become the 2nd incarnation of Soo District (曽於郡; as of 1972) on March 29, 1896
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nihongo|Nanban trade|南蛮貿易|Nanban bōeki|"Southern barbarian trade"}} or the {{nihongo|Nanban trade period|南蛮貿易時代|Nanban bōeki jidai|"Southern barbarian trade period" was a period in the history of Japan from the arrival of Europeans in 1543 to the first Sakoku Seclusion Edicts of isolationism in 1614. Nanban (南蛮 Lit. "Southern barbarian") is a Japanese word which had been used to designate people from Southern China, the Ryukyu islands, the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia centuries prior to the arrival of the first Europeans.
is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as "Nine Countries", "West of the Pacified Area" and "Island of Tsukushi". The historical regional name Saikaidō referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has a land area of and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018. In the 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region.
The Ryukyu Islands also known as the Nansei Islands or the Ryukyu Arc, are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the westernmost. The larger are mostly volcanic islands and the smaller mostly coral. The largest is Okinawa Island. The climate of the islands ranges from humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) in the north to tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af) in the south.