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Concept
Methyl cellulose
Summary
Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a compound derived from cellulose. It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in various food and cosmetic products, and also as a bulk-forming laxative. Like cellulose, it is not digestible, non-toxic, and not an allergen.
In 2020, it was the 422nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 100 thousand prescriptions.
Methyl cellulose has a wide range of uses.
Methyl cellulose is used to treat constipation. Effects generally occur within three days. It is taken by mouth and is recommended with sufficient water. Side effects may include abdominal pain. It is classified as a bulk forming laxative. It works by increasing the amount of stool present which improves intestinal contractions.
It is available over the counter. It is sold under the brand name Citrucel among others.
The lubricating property of methylcellulose is of particular benefit in the treatment of dry eyes. Solutions containing methyl cellulose or similar cellulose derivatives are used as substitute for tears or saliva if the natural production of these fluids is disturbed.
Methyl cellulose is used in the manufacture of drug capsules; its edible and nontoxic properties provide a vegetarian alternative to the use of gelatin.
Methyl cellulose is occasionally added to hair shampoos, tooth pastes and liquid soaps, to generate their characteristic thick consistency. This is also done for foods, for example ice cream or croquette. Methyl cellulose is also an important emulsifier, preventing the separation of two mixed liquids because it is an emulsion stabilizer.
The E number of methyl cellulose as food additive is E461. E464 is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and more soluble in water.
Methyl cellulose, as a gel, has the unique property of setting when hot and melting when cold.
In some meat analogues that are intended to replicate the texture of meat, methyl cellulose is used as an ingredient, typically in concentrations less than 2%.
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