Half sandwich compounds, also known as piano stool complexes, are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an MLn center, where L is a unidentate ligand. Thousands of such complexes are known. Well-known examples include cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl and (C5H5)TiCl3. Commercially useful examples include (C5H5)Co(CO)2, which is used in the synthesis of substituted pyridines, and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, an antiknock agent in petrol. MMT-2D-skeletal.png|MMT is a commercially useful antiknock compound. Cpco(CO)2.png|CpCo(CO)2 is a catalyst for the synthesis of pyridines. Cyclobutadienyl-iron-tricarbonyl-from-xtal-3D-balls.png|(C4H4)Fe(CO)3. Cp2Fe(CO)2I-2D-skeletal.png|[[Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl iodide|CpFe(CO)2I]] is an example of a piano stool complex with two different monodentate ligands. RuCymCl2.png|The diruthenium of [[cymene]] is readily cleaved by ligands to give monoRu half-sandwich derivatives. CHTMo(CO)3.png|[[Cycloheptatrienemolybdenum tricarbonyl|Cycloheptatriene molybdenum tricarbonyl]] CPPCDV01.png|Cp2V2(CO)5 featuring a pair of semi-bridging CO ligands.{{cite journal|last1=Huffman |first1=J. C. |last2=Lewis |first2=L. N. |last3=Caulton |first3=K. G.|title=A donor semibridge? Molecular structures of dicyclopentadienyldivanadiumtetracarbonyltriphenylphosphine and dicyclopentadienyldivanadiumpentacarbonyl|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|year=1980|volume=19|issue=9|pages=2755–2762|doi=10.1021/ic50211a052}} Half sandwich complexes containing cyclopentadienyl ligands are common. Well studied examples include (η5-C5H5)V(CO)4, (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3H, (η5-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3, (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3H, [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)3]+, (η5-C5H5)V(CO)4I, and (η5-C5H5)Ru(NCMe). (η5-C5H5)Co(CO)2 is a two-legged piano stool complex. Bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands such as 1,2,4-C5H2(tert-Bu)3− form unusual half-sandwich complexes.

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Related concepts (4)
Sandwich compound
In organometallic chemistry, a sandwich compound is a chemical compound featuring a metal bound by haptic, covalent bonds to two arene (ring) ligands. The arenes have the formula , substituted derivatives (for example ) and heterocyclic derivatives (for example ). Because the metal is usually situated between the two rings, it is said to be "sandwiched". A special class of sandwich complexes are the metallocenes. The term sandwich compound was introduced in organometallic nomenclature in 1956 in a report by J.
Hapticity
In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η ('eta'). For example, η2 describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms. In general the η-notation only applies when multiple atoms are coordinated (otherwise the κ-notation is used). In addition, if the ligand coordinates through multiple atoms that are contiguous then this is considered denticity (not hapticity), and the κ-notation is used once again.
Metallocene
A metallocene is a compound typically consisting of two cyclopentadienyl anions (C5H5−, abbreviated Cp) bound to a metal center (M) in the oxidation state II, with the resulting general formula (C5H5)2M. Closely related to the metallocenes are the metallocene derivatives, e.g. titanocene dichloride or vanadocene dichloride. Certain metallocenes and their derivatives exhibit catalytic properties, although metallocenes are rarely used industrially. Cationic group 4 metallocene derivatives related to [Cp2ZrCH3]+ catalyze olefin polymerization.
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