Capital punishment in FranceCapital punishment in France (peine de mort en France) is banned by Article 66-1 of the Constitution of the French Republic, voted as a constitutional amendment by the Congress of the French Parliament on 19 February 2007 and simply stating "No one can be sentenced to the death penalty" (Nul ne peut être condamné à la peine de mort). The death penalty was already declared illegal on 9 October 1981 when President François Mitterrand signed a law prohibiting the judicial system from using it and commuting the sentences of the seven people on death row to life imprisonment.
French LeftThe Left in France (gauche française) was represented at the beginning of the 20th century by two main political parties, namely the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), created in 1905 as a merger of various Marxist parties. In 1914, after the assassination of the leader of the SFIO, Jean Jaurès, who had upheld an internationalist and anti-militarist line, the SFIO accepted to join the Union sacrée national front.
Charter of 1830The Charter of 1830 (Charte de 1830) instigated the July Monarchy in France. It was considered a compromise between constitutional monarchists and republicans. After three days of protests in July 1830 – the July Revolution, also called the "Three Glorious Days" (les trois glorieuses) – by the merchant bourgeoisie, who were outraged to be ousted from the limited voters list by the July Ordinances, Charles X was forced to abdicate. Charles X's chosen successor was his young grandson, Henri, comte de Chambord, but Henri never ascended to the throne.
Chamber of Deputies (France)Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage. 1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by universal suffrage.
Chambre introuvableThe Chambre introuvable (French for "Unobtainable Chamber") was the first Chamber of Deputies elected after the Second Bourbon Restoration in 1815. It was dominated by Ultra-royalists who completely refused to accept the results of the French Revolution. The name was coined by King Louis XVIII. The elections held on 14 August 1815, under census suffrage and the impact of the "White Terror", produced a heavy Ultra-royalist majority: 350 of the 402 members were Ultra-royalists.
