Concept

Development of the cerebral cortex

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Tight Coupling of Astrocyte pH Dynamics to Epileptiform Activity Revealed by Genetically Encoded pH Sensors

Henry Markram

Astrocytes can both sense and shape the evolution of neuronal network activity and are known to possess unique ion regulatory mechanisms. Here we explore the relationship between astrocytic intracellular pH dynamics and the synchronous network activity tha ...

Soc Neuroscience2016

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Investigating lactate dynamics in brain tissue is challenging, partly because in vivo data at cellular resolution are not available. We monitored lactate in cortical astrocytes and neurons of mice using the genetically encoded FRET sensor Laconic in combin ...

Cell Press2016

Dependence of Hippocampal Function on ERR gamma-Regulated Mitochondrial Metabolism

Johan Auwerx

Neurons utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to generate energy essential for survival, function, and behavioral output. Unlike most cells that burn both fat and sugar, neurons only burn sugar. Despite its importance, how neurons meet t ...

Cell Press2015

The study of human cortical development has major implications for brain evolution and diseases but has remained elusive due to paucity of experimental models. Here we found that human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), ...

Cell Press2013

A Brain-Machine Interface Enables Bimanual Arm Movements in Monkeys

Solaiman Shokur, Miguel Nicolelis, Zheng Li

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are artificial systems that aim to restore sensation and movement to paralyzed patients. So far, BMIs have enabled only one arm to be moved at a time. Control of bimanual arm movements remains a major challenge. We have deve ...

Amer Assoc Advancement Science2013

Regulation of Neurotrophic Factors and Energy Metabolism by Antidepressants in Astrocytes

Pierre Magistretti, Jean-Luc Martin, Igor Allaman

There is growing evidence that astrocytes are involved in the neuropathology of major depression. In particular, decreases in glial cell density observed in the cerebral cortex of individuals with major depressive disorder are accompanied by a reduction of ...

Bentham Science Publishers2013

Regional changes of cortical thickness and cortical surface in children born prematurely and children born with intrauterine growth restriction at school age

Elda Fischi Gomez, Laura Ioana Gui, François Lazeyras

Premature birth and the early exposure to environmental sensory information influence the cascade of histogenetic events that occur during the development of human telencephalon. The prenatal establishment of the genetically driven number and size of the e ...

2013

Increased axonal bouton dynamics in the aging mouse cortex

Graham Knott, Bohumil Maco, Ge Gao

Aging is a major risk factor for many neurological diseases and is associated with mild cognitive decline. Previous studies suggest that aging is accompanied by reduced synapse number and synaptic plasticity in specific brain regions. However, most studies ...

National Academy of Sciences2013

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Study Objectives: There is growing evidence indicating that in order to meet the neuronal energy demands, astrocytes provide lactate as an energy substrate for neurons through a mechanism called "astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle" (ANLS). Since neuronal act ...

American Academy of Sleep Medicine2013

In-vivo single neuron axotomy triggers axon regeneration to restore synaptic density in specific cortical circuits

Graham Knott, Bohumil Maco

To what extent, how and when axons respond to injury in the highly interconnected grey matter is poorly understood. Here we use two-photon imaging and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy to explore, at synaptic resolution, the regrowth capacity o ...

2013