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Concept
Nmap
Summary
Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanner created by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym Fyodor Vaskovich). Nmap is used to discover hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing the responses.
Nmap provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating system detection. These features are extensible by scripts that provide more advanced service detection, vulnerability detection, and other features. Nmap can adapt to network conditions including latency and congestion during a scan.
Nmap started as a Linux utility and was ported to other systems including Windows, macOS, and BSD. It is most popular on Linux, followed by Windows.
Nmap features include:
Fast scan (nmap -F [target]) – Performing a basic port scan for fast result.
Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to TCP and/or ICMP requests or have a particular port open.
Port scanning – Enumerating the open ports on target hosts.
Version detection – Interrogating network services on remote devices to determine application name and version number.
Ping Scan – Check host by sending ping requests.
TCP/IP stack fingerprinting – Determining the operating system and hardware characteristics of network devices based on observations of network activity of said devices.
Scriptable interaction with the target – using Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) and Lua programming language.
Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses.
Typical uses of Nmap:
Auditing the security of a device or firewall by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it.
Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing.
Network inventory, network mapping, maintenance and asset management.
Auditing the security of a network by identifying new servers.
Generating traffic to hosts on a network, response analysis and response time measurement.
Official source
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