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The mammalian circadian timing system is composed of a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain and subsidiary oscillators in most peripheral cell types. While oscillators in SCN neurons are known to function in a self-sustained ...
Crawling cell motility is characteristic of most animal cells and is involved in many important biological processes such as embryogenesis, immune response, and wound healing. It involves several steps: protrusion (dynamic surface extension) at the front o ...
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to increase the survival and functioning of dopamine neurons in a variety of animal models and some recent human trials. However, delivery of any protein to the brain remains a challenge due ...
Leading edge protrusion is one of the critical events in the cell motility cycle and it is believed to be driven by the assembly of the actin network. The concept of dendritic nucleation of actin filaments provides a basis for understanding the organizatio ...
Actin assembly at the leading edge of the cell is believed to drive protrusion, whereas membrane resistance and contractile forces result in retrograde flow of the assembled actin network away from the edge. Thus, cell motion and shape changes are expected ...
Targeted gene transfer into human cells has previously been achieved with spleen necrosis virus (SNV)-derived vector particles harboring envelope (Env) proteins which carry single chain Fv (scFv) domains derived from antibodies. Such cell targeting vectors ...
Lamellipodia of crawling cells represent both the motor for cell advance and the primary building site for the actin cytoskeleton. The organization of actin in the lamellipodium reflects actin dynamics and is of critical importance for the mechanism of cel ...
To characterize the dynamics of cell-substrate adhesive rupture, we used a novel micromanipulation technique, in which individual fibroblasts seized on a rigid microplate were placed into contact with a fibronectin-coated flexible microplate, then pulled a ...
A novel design of microstructured membrane reactor with micro-channels formed between closely packed catalytic filaments is reported. The system comprises filaments of 7 mm in diam. and has a laminar flow with a short radial diffusion time. This leads to l ...