Polyamide

Summary

A polyamide is a polymer with repeating units linked by amide bonds. Polyamides occur both naturally and artificially. Examples of naturally occurring polyamides are proteins, such as wool and silk. Artificially made polyamides can be made through step-growth polymerization or solid-phase synthesis yielding materials such as nylons, aramids, and sodium polyaspartate. Synthetic polyamides are commonly used in textiles, automotive industry, carpets, kitchen utensils and sportswear due to their high durability and strength. The transportation manufacturing industry is the major consumer, accounting for 35% of polyamide (PA) consumption. Classification Polymers of amino acids are known as polypeptides or proteins. According to the composition of their main chain, synthetic polyamides are classified as follows: All polyamides are made by the formation of an amide function to link two molecules of monomer together. The monomers can be amides themselves (usually in the form of

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Polyamide material

Nicolas Candau, Holger Frauenrath, Sylvain Cyril Claude Galland

The invention relates to a polyamide material containing a polyamide as the matrix polyamide and fibrillar polyamide particles, wherein at least 10 vol.% of the fibrillar polyamide particles, based on the total volume of the fibrillar polyamide particles, have a diameter of 5 to 1000 nm, and wherein the polyamide molecules that make up the surface of the fibrillar polyamide particles are connected with the matrix polyamide by covalent bonds. The invention further relates to a method for the preparation of a polyamide material according to the invention, a polyamide material obtainable by the method according to the invention, the use of the polyamide material according to the invention for the manufacture of molded parts, fibers or foils, and molded parts, fibers or foils containing a polyamide material according to the invention.

2018

Synthesis and Characterisation of Semiaromatic Polyamides Comprising Benzofurobenzofuran Repeating Units

Julien Philippe Cretenoud, Alberto Fabrizio, Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani, Holger Frauenrath, Daniel Görl, Bilal Özen, Thomas Schmaltz, Rosario Scopelliti

Semiaromatic polyamides are attractive engineering polymers owing to their outstanding thermo-mechanical properties. To expand the scope of semiaromatic polyamides by additional optoelectronic features, one may consider the incorporation of extended pi-conjugated systems based on fused heterocycles into the polymer backbone. Here, we report on the five-step synthesis of a benzofurobenzofuran dicarboxylic acid monomer on the gram-scale starting from commercial precursors along with its structural characterization. Three corresponding polyamides were prepared by solution-phase polycondensation under Yamazaki-Higashi conditions to prove the suitability of this method for the synthesis of semiaromatic polyamides based on fused heterocyclic cores. The polyamides were thermally characterized and investigated with respect to their chemical and supramolecular structures, as well as their optical and electronic properties.

2017

High-temperature copolyamides obtained by the efficient transamidation of crystalline-crystalline polyamide blends

Holger Frauenrath, Sylvain Cyril Claude Galland, Véronique Michaud, John Christopher Plummer

High-performance thermoplastic composites based on semiaromatic polyamides are prime candidates for metal replacement in lightweight structural applications. However, the low ductility and toughness of semiaromatic polyamides remain major obstacles to their wider industrial application. In this study, we showed that novel random copolymers were formed by the unexpectedly efficient transamidation during the melt compounding of semicrystalline semiaromatic and aliphatic polyamides. Thus, homogeneous materials with a single glass transition and a high degree of crystalline order were obtained from blends of the semiaromatic poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide-co-isophthalamide) (PA6TI) with poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (PA66) or poly(hexamethylene sebacoamide) (PA610). By contrast, phase segregation and a less efficient transamidation was observed for cocompounded PA6TI and polylaurolactam (PA12). We attributed this to differences in the hydrogen-bonding patterns of the two polyamides. This study opened the way for the preparation of novel high-performance thermoplastic polyamides and composites through simple melt compounding. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44349.

Wiley-Blackwell2017