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Introduces fundamental concepts of fluorescence in microscopy, covering terms like excitation and emission spectra, Stokes shift, quantum efficiency, brightness, and photobleaching.
Covers the nature of electromagnetic waves, including plane waves and photons, their wavelength, period, and dispersion relationship, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Explores snow energy balance principles, mechanisms, radiation, and terrestrial energy exchange, emphasizing the importance of precise snow thermodynamics knowledge.